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Host Mitochondrial Association Evolved in the Human Parasite Toxoplasma gondii via Neofunctionalization of a Gene Duplicate

机译:宿主线粒体协会通过基因重复的新功能化发展到人类寄生虫弓形虫

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摘要

In Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular parasite of humans and other animals, host mitochondrial association (HMA) is driven by a gene family that encodes multiple mitochondrial association factor 1 (MAF1) proteins. However, the importance of MAF1 gene duplication in the evolution of HMA is not understood, nor is the impact of HMA on parasite biology. Here we used within- and between-species comparative analysis to determine that the MAF1 locus is duplicated in T. gondii and its nearest extant relative Hammondia hammondi, but not another close relative, Neospora caninum. Using cross-species complementation, we determined that the MAF1 locus harbors multiple distinct paralogs that differ in their ability to mediate HMA, and that only T. gondii and H. hammondi harbor HMA+ paralogs. Additionally, we found that exogenous expression of an HMA+ paralog in T. gondii strains that do not normally exhibit HMA provides a competitive advantage over their wild-type counterparts during a mouse infection. These data indicate that HMA likely evolved by neofunctionalization of a duplicate MAF1 copy in the common ancestor of T. gondii and H. hammondi, and that the neofunctionalized gene duplicate is selectively advantageous.
机译:在人类和其他动物的胞内寄生虫弓形虫中,宿主线粒体缔合(HMA)由编码多个线粒体缔合因子1(MAF1)蛋白的基因家族驱动。但是,尚不清楚MAF1基因复制在HMA进化中的重要性,也不了解HMA对寄生虫生物学的影响。在这里,我们使用种内和种间比较分析来确定MAF1基因座在弓形虫及其最接近的近亲Hammondia hammondi中重复,而在另一个近亲中不存在新孢子虫。使用跨物种互补,我们确定MAF1基因座包含多个不同的旁系同源物,它们介导HMA的能力不同,并且只有T. gondii和H.hammondi带有HMA + 旁系同源物。此外,我们发现在小鼠感染过程中,通常不表现出HMA的刚地弓形虫菌株中HMA + 旁系同源物的外源表达提供了竞争优势。这些数据表明,HMA可能是通过在弓形虫和哈蒙德氏菌的共同祖先中对重复的MAF1副本进行了新功能化而进化而来的,并且新功能化的基因副本具有选择性的优势。

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