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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Genetics and Molecular Biology >Genetics and human rights. Two histories: Restoring genetic identity after forced disappearance and identity suppression in Argentina and after compulsory isolation for leprosy in Brazil
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Genetics and human rights. Two histories: Restoring genetic identity after forced disappearance and identity suppression in Argentina and after compulsory isolation for leprosy in Brazil

机译：遗传学和人权。两种历史：在阿根廷强迫失踪和身份受到压制之后以及在巴西因麻风病被强制隔离后恢复遗传身份

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Over the past three decades, there has been an accelerated development of genetic technology, leading to its use in human genetic identification for many purposes. Additionally, it has been made explicit that identity is a fundamental human right. A number of historical circumstances have connected these developments. Personal identity is increasingly associated with the preservation and defense of human rights and is a tool to repair the violation of these rights, particularly the right to identity. In this article, we report the use of genetics to support the right to identity in two historical circumstances. First, we report the search, localization, DNA testing and genetic identification of 110 individuals who were appropriated as babies by the Argentine military dictatorship of 1976–1983 in the context of savage repression and egregious violations of human rights, including forced disappearance and suppression of identity. Second, we report on the repair of right-to-identity violations of hundreds of individuals that occurred during the process of compulsory isolation of patients with leprosy in Brazil through the Program “Reencontro”, which has led to the genetic identification of 158 pairs of individuals who previously did not have proof that they were siblings. The high value placed on genetic identification by victims of identity suppression did not counter the prevailing view that genetic factors were not more important than other factors (social, emotional, educational, cultural, spiritual) in determining the complex phenomenon of personal identity. The use of genetic identification as a tool to redress and repair human rights violations is a novel application of human genetics for the benefit of mankind.
机译：在过去的三十年中，遗传技术的发展日新月异，导致其在人类遗传识别中的用途广泛。另外，已经明确指出身份是一项基本人权。许多历史情况已将这些事态发展联系在一起。个人身份越来越与维护和捍卫人权联系在一起，是修复侵犯这些权利，特别是身份权的行为的工具。在本文中，我们报告了在两种历史情况下使用遗传学支持身份权的情况。首先，我们报告了在野蛮镇压和严重侵犯人权（包括被迫失踪和压制）的背景下，1976年至1983年阿根廷军事专政将110例婴儿用作婴儿的搜索，定位，DNA测试和遗传鉴定。身份。其次，我们报告了通过“ Reencontro”计划修复了在巴西强制隔离麻风病患者的过程中发生的数百人侵犯身份权的行为，该项目已导致158对对以前没有证据表明自己是兄弟姐妹的人。身份抑制受害者对基因鉴定的高度重视并没有反对普遍的观点，即遗传因素在确定复杂的个人身份现象方面并不比其他因素（社会，情感，教育，文化，精神）更重要。利用基因鉴定作为纠正和修复侵犯人权行为的工具，是人类遗传学为人类造福的一种新颖应用。

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