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Distinct functions of homeodomain-containing and homeodomain-less isoforms encoded by homothorax

机译:同型胸腺编码的含同源异域域和不含同源异域域的异构体的不同功能

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摘要

The homothorax (hth) gene of Drosophila melanogaster is required for executing Hox functions, for head development, and for forming the proximodistal (PD) axis of the appendages. We show that alternative splicing of hth generates two types of protein isoforms, one that contains a DNA-binding homeodomain (HthFL) and one that does not contain a homeodomain (HDless). Both types of Hth isoforms include the evolutionarily conserved HM domain, which mediates a direct interaction with Extradenticle (Exd), another homeodomain protein. We show that although both HthFL and HDless isoforms of Hth can induce the nuclear localization of Exd, they carry out distinct sets of functions during development. Surprisingly, we find that many of hth’s functions, including PD patterning and most Hox-related activities, can be executed by the HDless isoforms. In contrast, antennal development shows an absolute dependency on the HthFL isoform. Thus, alternative splicing of hth results in the generation of multiple transcription factors that execute unique functions in vivo. We further demonstrate that the mouse ortholog of hth, Meis1, also encodes a HDless isoform, suggesting that homeodomain-less variants of this gene family are evolutionarily ancient.
机译:果蝇的果胸(hth)基因是执行Hox功能,头部发育和形成附肢近前(PD)轴所必需的。我们显示,hth的选择性剪接会生成两种类型的蛋白质同工型,一种包含DNA结合同源域(HthFL),而另一种不包含同源域(HDless)。两种类型的Hth亚型都包括进化保守的HM结构域,该结构域介导与另一个同源域蛋白Extradenticle(Exd)的直接相互作用。我们表明,尽管HthFL和Hthless HD亚型都可以诱导Exd的核定位,但它们在发育过程中执行不同的功能。令人惊讶的是,我们发现hth的许多功能(包括PD模式和大多数与Hox相关的活动)都可以由HDless亚型执行。相反,触角发育显示出对HthFL亚型的绝对依赖性。因此,hth的选择性剪接导致在体内执行独特功能的多种转录因子的产生。我们进一步证明,hth的小鼠直系同源基因Meis1也编码无HD亚型,表明该基因家族的无同源域变体在进化上是古老的。

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