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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Veterinary Science >Use of Temperature Humidity and Slaughter Condemnation Data to Predict Increases in Transport Losses in Three Classes of Swine and Resulting Foregone Revenue
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Use of Temperature Humidity and Slaughter Condemnation Data to Predict Increases in Transport Losses in Three Classes of Swine and Resulting Foregone Revenue

机译：使用温度湿度和屠宰定罪数据来预测三类猪的运输损失增加并因此而放弃收益

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The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) conducts weekly surveillance of slaughter condemnation rates to provide early warning for emerging diseases and to monitor health trends in swine. Swine deaths in-transit are an animal welfare concern and represent lost revenue for the swine industry. This retrospective observational study used ambient temperature and humidity data from weather stations near United States slaughter plants collected from 2010 to 2015 to predict the incidence and risk of death among swine in-transit and just prior to slaughter. The risk of death for market swine at a heat index (HI), which combines the effects of temperature and humidity, indicating moderately hot weather conditions between 85 and 92°F was 1.37 times greater than that of the baseline temperature range of 54–79°F. The risk of death for cull sows at an HI between 85 and 92°F was 1.93 times greater than that of average temperatures ranging from 54 to 79°F. Roaster swine (weigh < 220 lbs and often used for whole carcass roasting), however, had 0.80 times the risk when the HI was 85–92°F compared to a baseline temperature of 54–79°F. The risk of death for roaster swine at a minimum temperature between 40 and 50°F was 1.21 times greater than that of average temperatures ranging from 54 to 79°F. The risk of death for market swine at a minimum temperature range of 40–50°F was 0.97 times that of average temperatures ranging from 54 to 79°F. And for cull sows, the risk of death at a minimum temperature range of 40–50°F was 0.81 times the risk at the average temperature ranging from 54 to 79°F. Across the study period, cumulative foregone revenue, or revenue not realized due to swine condemnations, for all swine was $18.6 million and $4.3 million for cold temperatures and high HI ranges above the baseline, respectively. Marginal foregone revenue per hog in hotter months is higher due to seasonal peaks in swine prices. As a result of this study, the USDA-APHIS swine condemnation surveillance can incorporate weekly estimated HI values and ambient temperature data for slaughter establishments to provide additional information for analysts investigating signals (noteworthy increases above baseline) for “dead” condemnations. This study suggests that current mitigation measures are often not sufficient to prevent swine deaths due to ambient temperature extremes.
机译：美国农业部（USDA）动植物健康检查服务（APHIS）每周对屠宰定殖率进行监视，以提供对新兴疾病的预警，并监测猪的健康趋势。途中养猪死亡是对动物福利的关注，代表了养猪业的收入损失。这项回顾性观察研究使用了2010年至2015年美国屠宰场附近气象站的环境温度和湿度数据，以预测猪在途和屠宰前的发病率和死亡风险。结合温度和湿度的影响，在热指数（HI）下市场猪的死亡风险表明，在85至92°F之间的中度炎热天气条件是基线温度范围54-79的1.37倍°F。 HI在85至92°F之间的高致死率是平均温度54至79°F的1.93倍。然而，当HI为85–92°F时，相比基线温度54–79°F，焙烤猪（体重<220磅，经常用于整car体焙烧）的风险是其0.80倍。最低温度在40至50°F之间时，烤猪死亡的危险是54至79°F的平均温度下的1.21倍。最低温度为40-50°F的市猪死亡风险是平均温度54-79°F的0.97倍。对于母猪而言，在40–50°F的最低温度范围内死亡的风险是在54至79°F的平均温度下死亡的风险的0.81倍。在整个研究期间，所有猪的累积放弃收入或因猪被定罪而未实现的收入，在基线以上的低温和高HI范围内分别为1860万美元和430万美元。由于生猪价格的季节性高峰，在较热月份，每头猪的边际放弃收入更高。这项研究的结果是，USDA-APHIS猪定罪监测可以将屠宰场每周估计的HI值和环境温度数据结合起来，为分析人员提供更多信息，以调查“死”定罪的信号（明显高于基准）。这项研究表明，当前的缓解措施通常不足以防止由于极端环境温度导致的猪死亡。

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