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The Synaptic Theory of Memory: A Historical Survey and Reconciliation of Recent Opposition

机译:记忆的突触理论:对历史的反驳的历史考察和和解

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摘要

Trettenbrein () has argued that the concept of the synapse as the locus of memory is outdated and has made six critiques of this concept. In this article, we examine these six critiques and suggest that the current theories of the neurobiology of memory and the empirical data indicate that synaptic activation is the first step in a chain of cellular and biochemical events that lead to memories formed in cell assemblies and neural networks that rely on synaptic modification for their formation. These neural networks and their modified synaptic connections can account for the cognitive basis of learning and memory and for memory deterioration in neurological disorders. We first discuss Hebb’s () theory that synaptic change and the formation of cell assemblies and phase sequences can link neurophysiology to cognitive processes. We then examine each of Trettenbrein’s () critiques of the synaptic theory in light of Hebb’s theories and recent empirical data. We examine the biochemical basis of memory formation and the necessity of synaptic modification to form the neural networks underlying learning and memory. We then examine the use of Hebb’s theories of synaptic change and cell assemblies for integrating neurophysiological and cognitive conceptions of learning and memory. We conclude with an examination of the applications of the Hebb synapse and cell assembly theories to the study of the neuroscience of learning and memory, the development of computational models of memory and the construction of “intelligent” robots. We conclude that the synaptic theory of memory has not met its demise, but is essential to our understanding of the neural basis of memory, which has two components: synaptic plasticity and intrinsic plasticity.
机译:Trettenbrein()认为,作为记忆所在地的突触的概念已经过时,并且对该概念进行了六次批评。在本文中,我们检查了这六个批评,并提出了记忆神经生物学的最新理论和经验数据表明,突触激活是一系列细胞和生化事件的第一步,导致细胞装配和神经形成记忆依赖突触修饰来形成它们的网络。这些神经网络及其修饰的突触连接可以解释学习和记忆的认知基础以及神经系统疾病的记忆恶化。我们首先讨论赫布(Hebb)的理论,即突触变化以及细胞装配体和相序的形成可以将神经生理学与认知过程联系起来。然后,我们根据赫布(Hebb)的理论和最新的经验数据,研究Trettenbrein对突触理论的每种批评。我们研究了记忆形成的生化基础,以及突触修饰形成学习和记忆基础神经网络的必要性。然后,我们研究了赫布的突触变化和细胞装配理论在整合学习和记忆的神经生理学和认知学概念方面的用途。最后,我们考察了赫布突触和细胞装配理论在学习和记忆神经科学,记忆计算模型的开发以及“智能”机器人的构建中的应用。我们得出结论,记忆的突触理论尚未消失,但对于我们理解记忆的神经基础至关重要,记忆的神经基础包括两个部分:突触可塑性和内在可塑性。

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