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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Physiology >Changes in dive behavior during naval sonar exposure in killer whales long-finned pilot whales and sperm whales
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Changes in dive behavior during naval sonar exposure in killer whales long-finned pilot whales and sperm whales

机译：虎鲸长鳍飞行员和抹香鲸在海军声纳暴露期间潜水行为的变化

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Anthropogenic underwater sound in the environment might potentially affect the behavior of marine mammals enough to have an impact on their reproduction and survival. Diving behavior of four killer whales (Orcinus orca), seven long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas), and four sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) was studied during controlled exposures to naval sonar [low frequency active sonar (LFAS): 1–2 kHz and mid frequency active sonar (MFAS): 6–7 kHz] during three field seasons (2006–2009). Diving behavior was monitored before, during and after sonar exposure using an archival tag placed on the animal with suction cups. The tag recorded the animal's vertical movement, and additional data on horizontal movement and vocalizations were used to determine behavioral modes. Killer whales that were conducting deep dives at sonar onset changed abruptly to shallow diving (ShD) during LFAS, while killer whales conducting deep dives at the onset of MFAS did not alter dive mode. When in ShD mode at sonar onset, killer whales did not change their diving behavior. Pilot and sperm whales performed normal deep dives (NDD) during MFAS exposure. During LFAS exposures, long-finned pilot whales mostly performed fewer deep dives and some sperm whales performed shallower and shorter dives. Acoustic recording data presented previously indicates that deep diving (DD) is associated with feeding. Therefore, the observed changes in dive behavior of the three species could potentially reduce the foraging efficiency of the affected animals.
机译：环境中的人为水下声音可能会潜在地影响海洋哺乳动物的行为，从而足以影响其繁殖和生存。在受控暴露于海军声纳的条件下研究了四只虎鲸（Orcinus orca），七只长鳍领鲸（Globicephala melas）和四只抹香鲸的潜水行为[低频活跃声纳（LFAS）：1-2 kHz和中频有源声纳（MFAS）：6-7 kHz]在三个野外季节（2006-2009年）。使用放置在带有吸盘的动物身上的档案标签，在声纳暴露之前，之中和之后监测潜水行为。标签记录了动物的垂直运动，并使用了有关水平运动和发声的其他数据来确定行为模式。在LFAS期间，在声纳开始时进行深潜的虎鲸突然转变为浅潜（ShD），而在MFAS发生时进行深潜的虎鲸并没有改变潜水模式。在声纳开始时处于ShD模式时，虎鲸并没有改变其潜水行为。在暴露于MFAS期间，飞行员和抹香鲸进行了正常的深潜（NDD）。在LFAS曝露期间，长鳍鲸鱼的深潜大多较少，而某些抹香鲸的浅潜则较短。先前提供的声音记录数据表明，深潜（DD）与进食有关。因此，观察到的三种物种的潜水行为变化可能会降低受影响动物的觅食效率。

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