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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Physiology >Global Climate Change and Its Potential Impact on Disease Transmission by Salinity-Tolerant Mosquito Vectors in Coastal Zones
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Global Climate Change and Its Potential Impact on Disease Transmission by Salinity-Tolerant Mosquito Vectors in Coastal Zones

机译：全球气候变化及其对沿海地区耐盐蚊子传播疾病的潜在影响

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Global climate change can potentially increase the transmission of mosquito vector-borne diseases such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and dengue in many parts of the world. These predictions are based on the effects of changing temperature, rainfall, and humidity on mosquito breeding and survival, the more rapid development of ingested pathogens in mosquitoes and the more frequent blood feeds at moderately higher ambient temperatures. An expansion of saline and brackish water bodies (water with <0.5 ppt or parts per thousand, 0.5–30 ppt and >30 ppt salt are termed fresh, brackish, and saline respectively) will also take place as a result of global warming causing a rise in sea levels in coastal zones. Its possible impact on the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases has, however, not been adequately appreciated. The relevant impacts of global climate change on the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases in coastal zones are discussed with reference to the Ross–McDonald equation and modeling studies. Evidence is presented to show that an expansion of brackish water bodies in coastal zones can increase the densities of salinity-tolerant mosquitoes like Anopheles sundaicus and Culex sitiens, and lead to the adaptation of fresh water mosquito vectors like Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes albopictus to salinity. Rising sea levels may therefore act synergistically with global climate change to increase the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases in coastal zones. Greater attention therefore needs to be devoted to monitoring disease incidence and preimaginal development of vector mosquitoes in artificial and natural coastal brackish/saline habitats. It is important that national and international health agencies are aware of the increased risk of mosquito-borne diseases in coastal zones and develop preventive and mitigating strategies. Application of appropriate counter measures can greatly reduce the potential for increased coastal transmission of mosquito-borne diseases consequent to climate change and a rise in sea levels. It is proposed that the Jaffna peninsula in Sri Lanka may be a useful case study for the impact of rising sea levels on mosquito vectors in tropical coasts.
机译：全球气候变化有可能在世界许多地方增加蚊媒传播疾病的传播，例如疟疾，淋巴丝虫病和登革热。这些预测是基于温度，降雨量和湿度的变化对蚊子繁殖和生存的影响，蚊子中摄入的病原体发展更快以及在环境温度适中较高下更频繁地采血。由于全球变暖导致食盐和咸水的水体（咸分<0.5 ppt或每千分之水，0.5-30 ppt和咸水> 30 ppt的水分别称为淡咸水，咸咸水和咸水）的膨胀，也将发生。沿海地区海平面上升。然而，其对蚊媒疾病传播的可能影响尚未得到充分认识。参照Ross-McDonald方程和模型研究，讨论了全球气候变化对沿海地区蚊媒疾病传播的相关影响。有证据表明，沿海地区咸淡水体的扩张可以增加耐盐性蚊子的密度，如耐日蚊和库蚊，并导致淡水蚊媒的适应，如按蚊，按蚊，埃及伊蚊。和白纹伊蚊成盐。因此，海平面上升可能与全球气候变化产生协同作用，以增加沿海地区蚊媒疾病的传播。因此，需要更多地关注在人工和天然沿海咸淡/盐生地中监测疾病的发病率和媒介蚊的假想发展。国家和国际卫生机构必须意识到沿海地区蚊媒疾病增加的风险，并制定预防和缓解策略，这一点很重要。采取适当的对策可以大大减少由于气候变化和海平面上升而导致沿海传播蚊媒疾病的可能性。有人提出，斯里兰卡的贾夫纳半岛可能是一个有用的案例研究，用于研究海平面上升对热带海岸蚊媒的影响。

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