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Data with Hierarchical Structure: Impact of Intraclass Correlation and Sample Size on Type-I Error

机译:具有分层结构的数据:类内相关性和样本大小对I型错误的影响

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摘要

Least squares analyses (e.g., ANOVAs, linear regressions) of hierarchical data leads to Type-I error rates that depart severely from the nominal Type-I error rate assumed. Thus, when least squares methods are used to analyze hierarchical data coming from designs in which some groups are assigned to the treatment condition, and others to the control condition (i.e., the widely used “groups nested under treatment” experimental design), the Type-I error rate is seriously inflated, leading too often to the incorrect rejection of the null hypothesis (i.e., the incorrect conclusion of an effect of the treatment). To highlight the severity of the problem, we present simulations showing how the Type-I error rate is affected under different conditions of intraclass correlation and sample size. For all simulations the Type-I error rate after application of the popular Kish () correction is also considered, and the limitations of this correction technique discussed. We conclude with suggestions on how one should collect and analyze data bearing a hierarchical structure.
机译:分层数据的最小二乘分析(例如ANOVA,线性回归)导致I型错误率与假设的I型名义错误率严重偏离。因此,当使用最小二乘法分析来自设计的分层数据时,其中将某些组分配给处理条件,将其他组分配给控制条件(即,广泛使用的“嵌套在处理中的组”实验设计), -I错误率被严重夸大,经常导致对无效假设的错误拒绝(即治疗效果的错误结论)。为了突出问题的严重性,我们提供了模拟,显示了在类内相关性和样本量的不同条件下,I型错误率如何受到影响。对于所有模拟,还应考虑应用流行的Kish()校正后的I型错误率,并讨论该校正技术的局限性。最后,我们提出了有关如何收集和分析具有层次结构的数据的建议。

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