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NKT Cell Networks in the Regulation of Tumor Immunity

机译:NKT细胞网络在肿瘤免疫调节中的作用

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摘要

CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells lie at the interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems and are important mediators of immune responses and tumor immunosurveillance. These NKT cells uniquely recognize lipid antigens, and their rapid yet specific reactions influence both innate and adaptive immunity. In tumor immunity, two NKT subsets (type I and type II) have contrasting roles in which they not only cross-regulate one another, but also impact innate immune cell populations, including natural killer, dendritic, and myeloid lineage cells, as well as adaptive populations, especially CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. The extent to which NKT cells promote or suppress surrounding cells affects the host’s ability to prevent neoplasia and is consequently of great interest for therapeutic development. Data have shown the potential for therapeutic use of NKT cell agonists and synergy with immune response modifiers in both pre-clinical studies and preliminary clinical studies. However, there is room to improve treatment efficacy by further elucidating the biological mechanisms underlying NKT cell networks. Here, we discuss the progress made in understanding NKT cell networks, their consequent role in the regulation of tumor immunity, and the potential to exploit that knowledge in a clinical setting.
机译:限制CD1d的自然杀伤T细胞(NKT)位于先天和适应性免疫系统之间的界面,并且是免疫应答和肿瘤免疫监测的重要介体。这些NKT细胞可唯一识别脂质抗原,其快速而特异性的反应会影响先天免疫和适应性免疫。在肿瘤免疫方面,两个NKT亚型(I型和II型)具有相反的作用,它们不仅相互交叉调控,而且还影响先天免疫细胞群,包括自然杀伤细胞,树突状细胞和髓系细胞,以及适应人群,尤其是CD8 + 和CD4 + T细胞。 NKT细胞促进或抑制周围细胞的程度会影响宿主预防瘤形成的能力,因此对治疗的发展非常感兴趣。数据显示在临床前研究和初步临床研究中,NKT细胞激动剂具有治疗用途和与免疫应答调节剂协同作用的潜力。但是,通过进一步阐明NKT细胞网络的生物学机制,仍有提高治疗功效的空间。在这里,我们讨论了在了解NKT细胞网络,其在调节肿瘤免疫力中的作用以及在临床环境中利用该知识的潜力方面取得的进展。

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