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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience >Thinking While Moving or Moving While Thinking – Concepts of Motor-Cognitive Training for Cognitive Performance Enhancement
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Thinking While Moving or Moving While Thinking – Concepts of Motor-Cognitive Training for Cognitive Performance Enhancement

机译：边走边思考或边走边思考–运动认知训练概念以增强认知能力

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The demographic change in industrial countries, with increasingly sedentary lifestyles, has a negative impact on mental health. Normal and pathological aging leads to cognitive deficits. This development poses major challenges on national health systems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient cognitive enhancement strategies. The combination of regular physical exercise with cognitive stimulation seems especially suited to increase an individual’s cognitive reserve, i.e., his/her resistance to degenerative processes of the brain. Here, we outline insufficiently explored fields in exercise-cognition research and provide a classification approach for different motor-cognitive training regimens. We suggest to classify motor-cognitive training in two categories, (I) sequential motor-cognitive training (the motor and cognitive training are conducted time separated) and (II) simultaneous motor-cognitive training (motor and cognitive training are conducted sequentially). In addition, simultaneous motor-cognitive training may be distinguished based on the specific characteristics of the cognitive task. If successfully solving the cognitive task is not a relevant prerequisite to complete the motor-cognitive task, we would consider this type of training as (IIa) motor-cognitive training with additional cognitive task. In contrast, in ecologically more valid (IIb) motor cognitive training with incorporated cognitive task, the cognitive tasks are a relevant prerequisite to solve the motor-cognitive task. We speculate that incorporating cognitive tasks into motor tasks, rather than separate training of mental and physical functions, is the most promising approach to efficiently enhance cognitive reserve. Further research investigating the influence of motor(-cognitive) exercises with different quantitative and qualitative characteristics on cognitive performance is urgently needed.
机译：久坐不动的生活方式的工业化国家的人口变化对心理健康产生了负面影响。正常和病理性衰老导致认知缺陷。这一发展对国家卫生系统提出了重大挑战。因此，有必要开发有效的认知增强策略。定期进行体育锻炼与认知刺激相结合，似乎特别适合提高个人的认知储备，即他/她对大脑退化过程的抵抗力。在这里，我们概述了运动认知研究领域中探索不足的领域，并为不同的运动认知训练方案提供了分类方法。我们建议将运动认知训练分为两类，（I）顺序运动认知训练（运动和认知训练是按时间间隔进行的）和（II）同时运动认知训练（运动和认知训练是按顺序进行的）。另外，可以基于认知任务的特定特征来区分同时的运动认知训练。如果成功解决认知任务不是完成运动认知任务的相关先决条件，我们将这种训练视为具有额外认知任务的（IIa）运动认知训练。相反，在结合了认知任务的生态学上更有效的（IIb）运动认知训练中，认知任务是解决运动认知任务的相关先决条件。我们推测将认知任务整合到运动任务中，而不是将心理和身体功能分开训练是有效提高认知储备的最有前途的方法。迫切需要进行进一步的研究，以研究具有不同数量和质量特征的运动（认知）运动对认知表现的影响。

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