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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience >Extrasynaptic and Postsynaptic Receptors in Glycinergic and GABAergic Neurotransmission: A Division of Labor?
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Extrasynaptic and Postsynaptic Receptors in Glycinergic and GABAergic Neurotransmission: A Division of Labor?

机译：甘氨酸能和GABA能神经传递中的突触外和突触后受体：分工吗？

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摘要

Glycine and GABA mediate inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord and central nervous system. The general concept of neurotransmission is now challenged by the contribution of both phasic activation of postsynaptic glycine and GABAA receptors (GlyRs and GABAARs, respectively) and tonic activity of these receptors located at extrasynaptic sites. GlyR and GABAAR kinetics depend on several parameters, including subunit composition, subsynaptic localization and activation mode. Postsynaptic and extrasynaptic receptors display different subunit compositions and are activated by fast presynaptic and slow paracrine release of neurotransmitters, respectively. GlyR and GABAAR functional properties also rely on their aggregation level, which is higher at postsynaptic densities than at extrasynaptic loci. Finally, these receptors can co-aggregate at mixed inhibitory postsynaptic densities where they cross-modulate their activity, providing another parameter of functional complexity. GlyR and GABAAR density at postsynaptic sites results from the balance between their internalization and insertion in the plasma membrane, but also on their lateral diffusion from and to the postsynaptic loci. The dynamic exchange of receptors between synaptic and extrasynaptic sites and their functional adaptation in terms of kinetics point out a new adaptive process of inhibitory neurotransmission.
机译：甘氨酸和GABA介导脊髓和中枢神经系统的抑制性神经传递。现在，神经传递的一般概念受到突触后甘氨酸和GABAA受体（分别为GlyRs和GABAARs）的阶段性激活以及位于突触外位点的这些受体的强直性活动的挑战。 GlyR和GABAAR动力学取决于几个参数，包括亚基组成，亚突触定位和激活模式。突触后和突触外受体显示不同的亚基组成，并分别由突触前和神经旁递质的旁分泌缓慢激活。 GlyR和GABAAR的功能特性还取决于它们的聚集水平，在突触后密度处比在突触外基因座处更高。最后，这些受体可以在混合的抑制性突触后密度处共同聚集，在这些位置它们交叉调节其活性，从而提供了功能复杂性的另一个参数。突触后位点的GlyR和GABAAR密度来自其内在化和质膜插入之间的平衡，也取决于它们从突触后位点的横向扩散。突触和突触外位点之间的受体的动态交换和其动力学的功能适应性指出了抑制性神经传递的新的适应性过程。

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