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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Microbiology >Genomic Analysis Indicates the Presence of an Asymmetric Bilayer Outer Membrane in Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia
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Genomic Analysis Indicates the Presence of an Asymmetric Bilayer Outer Membrane in Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia

机译：基因组分析表明在扁平菌和Verrucomicrobia中存在不对称双层外膜。

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Bacteria of the phylum Planctomycetes are of special interest for the study of compartmental cellular organization. Members of this phylum share a very unusual prokaryotic cell plan, featuring several membrane-bound compartments. Recently, it was shown that this cellular organization might extend to certain members of the phylum Verrucomicrobia. The Planctomycete cell plan has been defined as featuring a proteinaceous cell wall, a cytoplasmic membrane surrounding the paryphoplasm, and an intracytoplasmic membrane defining the riboplasm. So far it was presumed that Planctomycetes did not have an asymmetric bilayer outer membrane as observed in Gram-negative bacteria. However, recent work on outer membrane biogenesis has provided several marker genes in the outer membrane protein (OMP) assembly and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) insertion complexes. Additionally, advances in computational prediction of OMPs provided new tools to perform more accurate genomic screening for such proteins. Here we searched all 22 Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia genomes available in GenBank, plus the recently published genome of “Candidatus Scalindua profunda,” for markers of outer membrane biogenesis and OMPs. We were able to identify the key components of LPS insertion, OMP assembly and at least eight OMPs in all genomes tested. Additionally, we have analyzed the transcriptome and proteome data of the Planctomycetes “Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis” and “Ca. S. profunda” and could confirm high expression of several predicted OMPs, including the biomarkers of outer membrane biogenesis. These analyses provide a strong indication that an asymmetrical outer membrane may be present in bacteria of both phyla. However, previous experiments have made obvious that the cell envelope of Planctomycetes is clearly divergent from both the Gram-negative and Gram-positive cell types. Thus, the functional implications of the presence of an outer membrane for the Planctomycete cell plan and compartmentalization are discussed and a revised model including an outer membrane is proposed. Although this model agrees with most experimental data, we do note that the presence, location, and role of an outer membrane within the Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia awaits further experimental validation.
机译：菌种的细菌对于隔室细胞组织的研究特别感兴趣。该门的成员共享一个非常不寻常的原核细胞计划，其中包含多个膜结合的区室。最近，显示该细胞组织可能延伸到疣状微生物门的某些成员。扁平菌的细胞计划已被定义为具有蛋白质性细胞壁，围绕旁生质的胞质膜和限定核质的胞质膜。迄今为止，推测革兰氏阴性菌没有革兰氏阴性细菌中观察到的不对称双层外膜。但是，有关外膜生物发生的最新工作已在外膜蛋白（OMP）装配体和脂多糖（LPS）插入复合物中提供了几个标记基因。另外，OMPs的计算预测方面的进展提供了新工具，可对此类蛋白质进行更准确的基因组筛选。在这里，我们搜索了GenBank中所有22种浮游菌和Verrucomicrobia基因组，以及最近发布的“ Candidatus Scalindua profunda”基因组，以寻找外膜生物发生和OMP的标记。我们能够确定所有测试基因组中LPS插入，OMP组装和至少八个OMP的关键成分。另外，我们分析了浮游菌“ Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis”和“ Ca.”的转录组和蛋白质组数据。并可以证实一些预测的OMPs的高表达，包括外膜生物发生的生物标记。这些分析提供了强有力的指示，即两个门的细菌中都可能存在不对称的外膜。然而，先前的实验已经清楚地表明，浮萍菌的细胞包膜明显不同于革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细胞类型。因此，讨论了外膜的存在对扁平菌细胞计划和区室化的功能含义，并提出了包括外膜的修正模型。尽管该模型与大多数实验数据相符，但我们确实注意到，在扁平菌和疣状微生物体内外膜的存在，位置和作用有待进一步的实验验证。

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