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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Microbiology >The microbiology of deep-sea hydrothermal vent plumes: ecological and biogeographic linkages to seafloor and water column habitats
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The microbiology of deep-sea hydrothermal vent plumes: ecological and biogeographic linkages to seafloor and water column habitats

机译：深海热液喷口羽的微生物学：与海底和水柱生境的生态和生物地理联系

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Hydrothermal plumes are an important yet understudied component of deep-sea vent microbial ecosystems. The significance of plume microbial processes can be appreciated from three perspectives: (1) mediation of plume biogeochemistry, (2) dispersal of seafloor hydrothermal vent microbes between vents sites, (3) as natural laboratories for understanding the ecology, physiology, and function of microbial groups that are distributed throughout the pelagic deep sea. Plume microbiology has been largely neglected in recent years, especially relative to the extensive research conducted on seafloor and subseafloor systems. Rapidly advancing technologies for investigating microbial communities provide new motivation and opportunities to characterize this important microbial habitat. Here we briefly highlight microbial contributions to plume and broader ocean (bio)geochemistry and review recent work to illustrate the ecological and biogeographic linkages between plumes, seafloor vent habitats, and other marine habitats such as oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), cold seeps, and oil spills. 16S rRNA gene surveys and metagenomic/-transcriptomic data from plumes point to dominant microbial populations, genes, and functions that are also operative in OMZs (SUP05, ammonia-oxidizing Archaea, and SAR324 Deltaproteobacteria) and hydrocarbon-rich environments (methanotrophs). Plume microbial communities are distinct from those on the seafloor or in the subsurface but contain some signatures of these habitats, consistent with the notion that plumes are potential vectors for dispersal of microorganisms between seafloor vent sites. Finally, we put forward three pressing questions for the future of deep-sea hydrothermal plume research and consider interactions between vents and oceans on global scales.
机译：热液羽流是深海喷口微生物生态系统的重要但尚未被研究的组成部分。羽状微生物过程的重要性可以从三个角度来理解：（1）羽状生物地球化学的介导；（2）海底热液喷口微生物在喷口部位之间的扩散；（3）作为了解自然生态，生理和功能的自然实验室。分布在整个深海中的微生物群。近年来，羽状微生物学已被很大程度上忽略，尤其是相对于对海底和海底系统进行的广泛研究而言。用于研究微生物群落的快速发展的技术为表征这一重要的微生物栖息地提供了新的动力和机会。在这里，我们简要介绍了微生物对羽状流和更广泛的海洋（生物）地球化学的贡献，并回顾了最近的工作，以说明羽状流，海底通风口栖息地和其他海洋生境（例如最低氧量区（OMZs），冷渗漏和海洋生物）之间的生态和生物地理联系。漏油。 16S rRNA基因调查和来自羽状流的宏基因组/转录组学数据表明，主要微生物种群，基因和功能在OMZ（SUP05，氨氧化古生菌和SAR324 Deltaproteobacteria）和富含碳氢化合物的环境（甲烷菌）中也有效。羽状微生物群落与海底或海底下的微生物群落不同，但包含这些生境的某些特征，这与羽状菌是潜在的媒介在海底通风孔之间分散的媒介的观点一致。最后，我们对深海热液羽流研究的未来提出了三个紧迫的问题，并在全球范围内考虑了喷口与海洋之间的相互作用。

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