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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Endocrinology >Overview of the Pathophysiological Implications of Organotins on the Endocrine System
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Overview of the Pathophysiological Implications of Organotins on the Endocrine System

机译：有机锡对内分泌系统的病理生理学影响概述

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Organotins (OTs) are pollutants that are used widely by industry as disinfectants, pesticides, and most frequently as biocides in antifouling paints. This mini-review presents the main evidences from the literature about morphophysiological changes induced by OTs in the mammal endocrine system, focusing on the metabolism and reproductive control. Similar to other toxic compounds, the main effects with potential health risks to humans and experimental animals are not only related to dose and time of exposure but also to age, gender, and tissue/cell exposed. Regarding the underlying mechanisms, current literature indicates that OTs can directly damage endocrine glands, as well as interfere with neurohormonal control of endocrine function (i.e., in the hypothalamic–pituitary axis), altering hormone synthesis and/or bioavailability or activity of hormone receptors in the target cells. Importantly, OTs induces biochemical and morphological changes in gonads, abnormal steroidogenesis, both associated with reproductive dysfunctions such as irregular estrous cyclicity in female or spermatogenic disorders in male animals. Additionally, due to their role on endocrine systems predisposing to obesity, OTs are also included in the metabolism disrupting chemical hypothesis, either by central (e.g., accurate nucleus and lateral hypothalamus) or peripheral (e.g., adipose tissue) mechanisms. Thus, OTs should be indeed considered a major endocrine disruptor, being indispensable to understand the main toxic effects on the different tissues and its causative role for endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive dysfunctions observed.
机译：有机锡（OTs）是一种污染物，在工业上被广泛用作消毒剂，杀虫剂，最常见的是用作防污漆中的杀生物剂。这项小型综述提供了有关文献报道的有关哺乳动物内分泌系统中OTs诱导的形态生理变化的主要证据，重点是代谢和生殖控制。与其他有毒化合物相似，对人类和实验动物具有潜在健康风险的主要影响不仅与暴露的剂量和时间有关，而且还与年龄，性别和暴露的组织/细胞有关。关于潜在的机制，目前的文献表明，OTs可以直接损害内分泌腺，并干扰神经激素对内分泌功能的控制（即在下丘脑-垂体轴），从而改变激素的合成和/或激素的生物利用度或活性。目标细胞。重要的是，OTs会诱发性腺的生化和形态变化，异常的类固醇生成，这都与生殖功能障碍（例如雌性动物的发情周期不规则或雄性动物的生精障碍）有关。另外，由于它们在肥胖症易感性内分泌系统中的作用，因此通过中枢（例如精确的核和下丘脑外侧）或外周（例如脂肪组织）机制，OTs也被包括在代谢破坏化学假设中。因此，OTs实际上应被视为主要的内分泌干扰物，对于了解对不同组织的主要毒性作用及其对观察到的内分泌，代谢和生殖功能障碍的致病作用而言，必不可少。

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