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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience >Where’s Waldo? How perceptual cognitive and emotional brain processes cooperate during learning to categorize and find desired objects in a cluttered scene
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Where’s Waldo? How perceptual cognitive and emotional brain processes cooperate during learning to categorize and find desired objects in a cluttered scene

机译：沃尔多在哪里？在学习中如何在混乱的场景中对感知认知和情感大脑过程进行协作以分类和找到所需的对象

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The Where’s Waldo problem concerns how individuals can rapidly learn to search a scene to detect, attend, recognize, and look at a valued target object in it. This article develops the ARTSCAN Search neural model to clarify how brain mechanisms across the What and Where cortical streams are coordinated to solve the Where’s Waldo problem. The What stream learns positionally-invariant object representations, whereas the Where stream controls positionally-selective spatial and action representations. The model overcomes deficiencies of these computationally complementary properties through What and Where stream interactions. Where stream processes of spatial attention and predictive eye movement control modulate What stream processes whereby multiple view- and positionally-specific object categories are learned and associatively linked to view- and positionally-invariant object categories through bottom-up and attentive top-down interactions. Gain fields control the coordinate transformations that enable spatial attention and predictive eye movements to carry out this role. What stream cognitive-emotional learning processes enable the focusing of motivated attention upon the invariant object categories of desired objects. What stream cognitive names or motivational drives can prime a view- and positionally-invariant object category of a desired target object. A volitional signal can convert these primes into top-down activations that can, in turn, prime What stream view- and positionally-specific categories. When it also receives bottom-up activation from a target, such a positionally-specific category can cause an attentional shift in the Where stream to the positional representation of the target, and an eye movement can then be elicited to foveate it. These processes describe interactions among brain regions that include visual cortex, parietal cortex, inferotemporal cortex, prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, basal ganglia (BG), and superior colliculus (SC).
机译：Waldo问题在哪里涉及个人如何快速学习搜索场景以检测，参与，识别和查看其中的重要目标对象。本文开发了ARTSCAN Search神经模型，以阐明如何协调What和Where皮层流的大脑机制来解决Where Waldo问题。 What流学习位置不变的对象表示，而Where流控制位置选择性的空间和动作表示。该模型通过What和Where流之间的相互作用克服了这些计算互补属性的不足。空间注意力和预测性眼球运动控制的流过程在哪里进行调制，通过自下而上和专注的自上而下的交互，学习哪些特定于视图和位置的对象类别并将其关联关联到视点和位置不变的对象类别的流处理。增益场控制坐标转换，从而使空间注意力和预测性的眼球运动能够发挥这种作用。认知情感学习过程的流向使得将注意力集中在所需对象的不变对象类别上。认知名称或动机驱动力的流向可以引发所需目标对象的视图和位置不变的对象类别。自愿信号可以将这些素数转换为自上而下的激活，进而可以激发“什么”流特定于视图和位置的类别。当它还从目标接收自下而上的激活时，此类特定于位置的类别可能会引起Where流中的注意力转移到目标的位置表示，然后可以引起眼睛移动以使其趋向于沉迷。这些过程描述了大脑区域之间的相互作用，这些区域包括视觉皮层，顶叶皮层，颞下皮层，前额叶皮层（PFC），杏仁核，基底神经节（BG）和上丘（SC）。

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