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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Genetics >Hidden Diversity Hampers Conservation Efforts in a Highly Impacted Neotropical River System
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Hidden Diversity Hampers Conservation Efforts in a Highly Impacted Neotropical River System

机译：高影响的新热带河流系统中的隐藏多样性阻碍了保护工作

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Neotropical Rivers host a highly diverse ichthyofauna, but taxonomic uncertainty prevents appropriate conservation measures. The Doce River Basin (DRB), lying within two Brazilian threatened hotspots (Atlantic Forest and Brazilian Savanna) in south-east Brazil, faced the worst ever environmental accident reported for South American catchments, due to a dam collapse that spread toxic mining tailings along the course of its main river. Its ichthyofauna was known to comprise 71 native freshwater fish species, of which 13 endemic. Here, we build a DNA barcode library for the DRB ichthyofauna, using samples obtained before the 2015 mining disaster, in order to provide a more robust biodiversity record for this basin, as a baseline for future management actions. Throughout the whole DRB, we obtained a total of 306 barcodes, assigned to 69 putative species (with a mean of 4.54 barcodes per species), belonging to 45 genera, 18 families, and 5 orders. Average genetic distances within species, genus, and families were 2.59, 11.4, and 20.5%, respectively. The 69 species identified represent over 76% of the known DRB ichthyofauna, comprising 43 native (five endemic, of which three threatened by extinction), 13 already known introduced species, and 13 unknown species (such as Characidium sp., Neoplecostomus sp., and specimens identified only at the sub-family level Neoplecostominae, according to morphological identification provided by the museum collections). Over one fifth of all analyzed species (N = 16) had a mean intraspecific genetic divergence higher than 2%. An integrative approach, combining NND (nearest neighbor distance), BIN (barcode index number), ABGD (automatic barcode gap discovery), and bPTP (Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes model) analyses, suggested the occurrence of potential cryptic species, species complex, or historical errors in morphological identification. The evidence presented calls for a more robust, DNA-assisted cataloging of biodiversity-rich ecosystems, in order to enable effective monitoring and informed actions to preserve and restore these delicate habitats.
机译：新热带河流域的鱼类鱼类种类繁多，但分类学上的不确定性阻止了适当的保护措施。位于巴西东南部两个巴西受到威胁的热点（大西洋森林和巴西热带稀树草原）内的Doce河盆地（DRB）面临着南美集水区有史以来最严重的环境事故，原因是大坝坍塌并在有毒矿山尾部蔓延开来其主要河流的路线。已知其鱼鳞鱼包括71种本地淡水鱼类，其中13种是特有的。在这里，我们使用2015年采矿灾难之前获得的样本为DRB ichthyofauna建立了DNA条码文库，以便为该流域提供更可靠的生物多样性记录，作为未来管理行动的基准。在整个DRB中，我们总共获得了306个条形码，分配给69个推定物种（平均每个物种4.54个条形码），属于4​​5个属，18个科和5个订单。物种，属和科内的平均遗传距离分别为2.59、11.4和20.5％。鉴定出的69个物种占已知DRB鱼类的thythyofauna的76％以上，包括43个本地物种（5个地方病，其中3个因灭绝而受到威胁），13个已知的引进物种和13个未知物种（例如Characidium sp。，Neoplecostomus sp。，以及根据博物馆藏品提供的形态学鉴定仅在亚科新近纲目中鉴定的标本）。在所有分析物种中，超过五分之一（N = 16）的平均种内遗传差异高于2％。结合NND（最近邻距离），BIN（条形码索引号），ABGD（自动条形码间隙发现）和bPTP（贝叶斯泊松树过程模型）分析的综合方法表明存在潜在的隐性物种，物种复杂或形态学鉴定中的历史错误。提出的证据要求对生物多样性丰富的生态系统进行更强有力的，DNA辅助分类，以便能够进行有效的监测和知情行动，以保护和恢复这些脆弱的栖息地。

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