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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Human Neuroscience >Effects of arousal on cognitive control: empirical tests of the conflict-modulated Hebbian-learning hypothesis
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Effects of arousal on cognitive control: empirical tests of the conflict-modulated Hebbian-learning hypothesis

机译：唤醒对认知控制的影响：冲突调制的Hebbian学习假设的经验检验

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摘要

An increasing number of empirical phenomena that were previously interpreted as a result of cognitive control, turn out to reflect (in part) simple associative-learning effects. A prime example is the proportion congruency effect, the finding that interference effects (such as the Stroop effect) decrease as the proportion of incongruent stimuli increases. While this was previously regarded as strong evidence for a global conflict monitoring-cognitive control loop, recent evidence has shown that the proportion congruency effect is largely item-specific and hence must be due to associative learning. The goal of our research was to test a recent hypothesis about the mechanism underlying such associative-learning effects, the conflict-modulated Hebbian-learning hypothesis, which proposes that the effect of conflict on associative learning is mediated by phasic arousal responses. In Experiment 1, we examined in detail the relationship between the item-specific proportion congruency effect and an autonomic measure of phasic arousal: task-evoked pupillary responses. In Experiment 2, we used a task-irrelevant phasic arousal manipulation and examined the effect on item-specific learning of incongruent stimulus–response associations. The results provide little evidence for the conflict-modulated Hebbian-learning hypothesis, which requires additional empirical support to remain tenable.
机译：越来越多的经验现象以前被认知控制所解释，结果反映出（部分）简单的联想学习效果。一个典型的例子是比例一致性效应，即干扰效应（例如Stroop效应）随着不一致刺激比例的增加而降低。尽管以前认为这是全球冲突监视-认知控制回路的有力证据，但最近的证据表明，比例一致性效果在很大程度上取决于特定项目，因此必须归因于联想学习。我们研究的目的是检验关于诸如联想学习效应的潜在机制的最新假设，即冲突调制的希伯来学习假设，该假设提出，冲突对联想学习的影响是由阶段性唤醒反应介导的。在实验1中，我们详细检查了特定项目的比例一致性效果与阶段性唤醒的自主测量：任务诱发的瞳孔反应之间的关系。在实验2中，我们使用了与任务无关的阶段性唤醒操作，并研究了不一致的刺激与反应关联对特定项目学习的影响。结果几乎没有证据证明冲突调制的Hebbian学习假说需要额外的经验支持才能成立。

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