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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Human Neuroscience >Cough-Anal Reflex May Be the Expression of a Pre-Programmed Postural Action
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Cough-Anal Reflex May Be the Expression of a Pre-Programmed Postural Action

机译：咳嗽肛门反射可能是预编程姿势动作的表达

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When coughing, an involuntary contraction of the external anal sphincter occurs, in order to prevent unwanted leakages or sagging of the pelvis muscular wall. Literature originally described such cough-anal response as a reflex elicited by cough, therefore identifying a precise cause-effect relationship. However, recent studies report that the anal contraction actually precedes the rise in abdominal pressure during cough expiratory effort, so that the sphincter activity should be pre-programmed. In recent years, an important family of pre-programmed muscle activities has been well documented to precede voluntary movements: these anticipatory actions play a fundamental role in whole body and segmental postural control, hence they are referred to as anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs). On these basis, we searched in literature for similarities between APAs and the cough-anal response, observing that both follow the same predictive homeostatic principle, namely that anticipatory collateral actions are needed to prevent the unwanted mechanical consequences induced by the primary movement. We thus propose that the cough-anal response also belongs to the family of pre-programmed actions, as it may be interpreted as an APA acting on the abdominal-thoracic compartment; in other words, the cough-anal response may actually be an Anticipatory Sphincter Adjustment, the visceral counterpart of APAs.
机译：咳嗽时，会发生肛门外括约肌的非自愿收缩，以防止不必要的渗漏或骨盆肌肉壁下垂。文献最初将这种咳嗽-肛门反应描述为由咳嗽引起的反射，因此确定了精确的因果关系。但是，最近的研究报告说，在咳嗽呼气时，肛门收缩实际上是在腹部压力升高之前发生的，因此应预先设定括约肌的活动能力。近年来，已有大量重要的预先编程的肌肉活动记录在自愿运动之前：这些预期动作在全身和节段姿势控制中起着基本作用，因此被称为预期姿势调整（APA）。在此基础上，我们在文献中搜索了APA与咳嗽-肛门反应之间的相似性，并观察到两者均遵循相同的预测体内稳态原理，即需要采取预期的附带动作以防止由初级运动引起的不良机械后果。因此，我们认为咳嗽-肛门反应也属于预编程动作家族，因为它可能被解释为作用于腹腔胸腔的APA。换句话说，咳嗽-肛门反应实际上可能是预期的括约肌调节，即APA的内脏对应物。

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