The “do-it-yourself” (DIY) brain stimulation movement began in earnest in late 2011, when lay individuals began building stimulation devices and applying low levels of electricity to their heads for self-improvement purposes. To date, scholarship on the home use of brain stimulation has focused on characterizing the practices of users via quantitative and qualitative studies, and on analyzing related ethical and regulatory issues. In this perspective piece, however, I take the opposite approach: rather than viewing the home use of brain stimulation on its own, I argue that it must be understood within the context of other DIY and citizen science movements. Seen in this light, the home use of brain stimulation is only a small part of the “neurohacking” movement, which is comprised of individuals attempting to optimize their brains to achieve enhanced performance. Neurohacking itself is an offshoot of the “life hacking” (or “quantified self”) movement, in which individuals self-track minute aspects of their daily lives in order to enhance productivity or performance. Additionally, the home or DIY use of brain stimulation is in many ways parallel to the DIY Biology (or “biohacking”) movement, which seeks to democratize tools of scientific experimentation. Here, I describe the place of the home use of brain stimulation with regard to neurohackers, lifehackers, and biohackers, and suggest that a policy approach for the home use of brain stimulation should have an appreciation both of individual motivations as well as the broader social context of the movement itself.
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机译：“自己动手”（DIY）脑部刺激运动始于2011年底，当时外行人开始建造刺激设备，并为自己改善目的向头部施加少量电力。迄今为止，有关脑刺激在家中使用的奖学金主要集中于通过定量和定性研究来表征用户的行为，并致力于分析相关的道德和法规问题。但是，在本观点文章中，我采取了相反的方法：我认为，与其单独观察大脑刺激的家庭用途，不如说它必须在其他DIY和公民科学运动的背景下加以理解。从这个角度看，脑部刺激的家庭用途只是“神经骇客”运动的一小部分，该运动由试图优化大脑以增强性能的个人组成。 Neurohacking本身是“ life hacking”（或“ quantified self”）运动的分支，在这种运动中，个人可以自我跟踪日常生活的微小方面以提高生产力或绩效。另外，在家中或DIY使用脑刺激在许多方面与DIY生物学（或“生物黑客”）运动平行，后者旨在使科学实验工具民主化。在这里，我描述了在神经黑客，生活黑客和生物黑客方面，家庭使用脑刺激的位置，并建议在家中使用脑刺激的政策方法应同时体会个人动机和更广泛的社会动机。运动本身的上下文。
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