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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience >GABAergic Control of Neurite Outgrowth and Remodeling During Development and Adult Neurogenesis: General Rules and Differences in Diverse Systems
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GABAergic Control of Neurite Outgrowth and Remodeling During Development and Adult Neurogenesis: General Rules and Differences in Diverse Systems

机译：发育和成人神经发生过程中神经突生长和重塑的GABA能控制：一般规则和不同系统的差异

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During development, Gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neurons mature at early stages, long before excitatory neurons. Conversely, GABA reuptake transporters become operative later than glutamate transporters. GABA is therefore not removed efficiently from the extracellular domain and it can exert significant paracrine effects. Hence, GABA-mediated activity is a prominent source of overall neural activity in developing CNS networks, while neurons extend dendrites and axons, and establish synaptic connections. One of the unique features of GABAergic functional plasticity is that in early development, activation of GABAA receptors results in depolarizing (mainly excitatory) responses and Ca2+ influx. Although there is strong evidence from several areas of the CNS that GABA plays a significant role in neurite growth not only during development but also during adult neurogenesis, surprisingly little effort has been made into putting all these observations into a common framework in an attempt to understand the general rules that regulate these basic and evolutionary well-conserved processes. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge in this important field. In order to decipher common, universal features and highlight differences between systems throughout development, we compare findings about dendritic proliferation and remodeling in different areas of the nervous system and species, and we also review recent evidence for a role in axonal elongation. In addition to early developmental aspects, we also consider the GABAergic role in dendritic growth during adult neurogenesis, extending our discussion to the roles played by GABA during dendritic proliferation in early developing networks versus adult, well established networks.
机译：在发育过程中，γ-氨基丁酸能（GABAergic）神经元在早期发育成熟，远远早于兴奋性神经元。相反，GABA重摄取转运蛋白的作用要晚于谷氨酸转运蛋白。因此，不能将GABA有效地从细胞外结构域中除去，它可以发挥重要的旁分泌作用。因此，在发展中枢神经网络中，GABA介导的活性是整体神经活动的重要来源，而神经元则延伸树突和轴突，并建立突触连接。 GABA能功能可塑性的独特特征之一是，在早期发育中，GABA A受体的激活导致去极化（主要是兴奋性）反应和Ca 2 + 大量涌入。尽管从中枢神经系统的多个领域有强有力的证据表明，GABA不仅在发育过程中而且在成年神经发生过程中都在神经突生长中发挥重要作用，但令人惊讶的是，几乎没有做出任何努力将所有这些观察结果放入一个共同的框架中，以试图理解规范这些基本和进化过程中守恒的通用规则。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这个重要领域的最新知识。为了破译共同的，普遍的特征并突出整个开发过程中系统之间的差异，我们比较了有关神经系统和物种不同区域中树突状增殖和重塑的发现，我们还回顾了最近在轴突伸长中起作用的证据。除了早期发育方面，我们还考虑了成年神经发生过程中GABA能在树突状生长中的作用，将我们的讨论扩展到了GABA在树突状增殖过程中在早期发育网络与成熟的成熟网络中所起的作用。

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