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The 2016 European Thyroid Association/European Group on Graves Orbitopathy Guidelines for the Management of Graves Orbitopathy

机译:2016年欧洲甲状腺协会/欧洲Graves眼眶病指南治疗Graves眼球病指南

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摘要

Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is the main extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease, though severe forms are rare. Management of GO is often suboptimal, largely because available treatments do not target pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. Treatment should rely on a thorough assessment of the activity and severity of GO and its impact on the patient's quality of life. Local measures (artificial tears, ointments and dark glasses) and control of risk factors for progression (smoking and thyroid dysfunction) are recommended for all patients. In mild GO, a watchful strategy is usually sufficient, but a 6-month course of selenium supplementation is effective in improving mild manifestations and preventing progression to more severe forms. High-dose glucocorticoids (GCs), preferably via the intravenous route, are the first line of treatment for moderate-to-severe and active GO. The optimal cumulative dose appears to be 4.5-5 g of methylprednisolone, but higher doses (up to 8 g) can be used for more severe forms. Shared decision-making is recommended for selecting second-line treatments, including a second course of intravenous GCs, oral GCs combined with orbital radiotherapy or cyclosporine, rituximab or watchful waiting. Rehabilitative treatment (orbital decompression surgery, squint surgery or eyelid surgery) is needed in the majority of patients when GO has been conservatively managed and inactivated by immunosuppressive treatment.
机译:格雷夫斯氏眼病(Graves'orbitopathy,GO)是格雷夫斯氏病的主要甲状腺外表现,尽管很少出现严重形式。 GO的管理通常不是最理想的,主要是因为可用的治疗方法并不针对疾病的致病机制。治疗应依靠对GO的活性和严重程度及其对患者生活质量的影响进行彻底评估。建议所有患者均应采取局部措施(人工泪液,药膏和墨镜)和控制进展风险因素(吸烟和甲状腺功能低下)。在轻度GO中,通常应采取警惕的策略,但6个月的硒补充疗程可有效改善轻度表现并防止其发展为更严重的形式。大剂量的糖皮质激素(GCs),优选通过静脉内途径,是中度至重度和活动性GO的第一线治疗方法。最佳累积剂量似乎是4.5-5 g甲基强的松龙,但较高剂量(最高8 g)可用于更严重的形式。建议选择二线治疗方案时共同决策,包括静脉内GC,口服GC联合轨道放疗或环孢素,利妥昔单抗或观察等待的第二疗程。当GO已通过免疫抑制治疗保守治疗并失活时,大多数患者需要进行康复治疗(眼眶减压手术,斜眼手术或眼睑手术)。

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