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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>European Journal of Human Genetics >Contemporary paternal genetic landscape of Polish and German populations: from early medieval Slavic expansion to post-World War II resettlements
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Contemporary paternal genetic landscape of Polish and German populations: from early medieval Slavic expansion to post-World War II resettlements

机译：波兰人和德国人的当代父本遗传景观：从中世纪斯拉夫初期的扩张到二战后的重新定居

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Homogeneous Proto-Slavic genetic substrate and/or extensive mixing after World War II were suggested to explain homogeneity of contemporary Polish paternal lineages. Alternatively, Polish local populations might have displayed pre-war genetic heterogeneity owing to genetic drift and/or gene flow with neighbouring populations. Although sharp genetic discontinuity along the political border between Poland and Germany indisputably results from war-mediated resettlements and homogenisation, it remained unknown whether Y-chromosomal diversity in ethnically/linguistically defined populations was clinal or discontinuous before the war. In order to answer these questions and elucidate early Slavic migrations, 1156 individuals from several Slavic and German populations were analysed, including Polish pre-war regional populations and an autochthonous Slavic population from Germany. Y chromosomes were assigned to 39 haplogroups and genotyped for 19 STRs. Genetic distances revealed similar degree of differentiation of Slavic-speaking pre-war populations from German populations irrespective of duration and intensity of contacts with German speakers. Admixture estimates showed minor Slavic paternal ancestry (∼20%) in modern eastern Germans and hardly detectable German paternal ancestry in Slavs neighbouring German populations for centuries. BATWING analysis of isolated Slavic populations revealed that their divergence was preceded by rapid demographic growth, undermining theory that Slavic expansion was primarily linguistic rather than population spread. Polish pre-war regional populations showed within-group heterogeneity and lower STR variation within R-M17 subclades compared with modern populations, which might have been homogenised by war resettlements. Our results suggest that genetic studies on early human history in the Vistula and Oder basins should rely on reconstructed pre-war rather than modern populations.
机译：第二次世界大战后，原始斯拉夫民族的遗传底物和/或广泛混合被认为可以解释当代波兰父系血统的同质性。另外，由于与邻近人群的遗传漂移和/或基因流动，波兰当地人群可能表现出战前的遗传异质性。尽管毫无疑问，波兰和德国之间政治边界沿线的严重遗传不连续性是由战争介导的重新定居和同质化引起的，但在战前，种族/语言上界定的人群中的Y染色体多样性是渐进还是不连续仍是未知的。为了回答这些问题并阐明斯拉夫的早期迁徙，对来自数个斯拉夫和德国人口的1156个人进行了分析，包括波兰战前地区人口和来自德国的当地斯拉夫人口。将Y染色体分配给39个单倍体，并对19个STR进行基因分型。遗传距离显示，无论与讲德语的人接触的时间和强度如何，讲斯拉夫语的战前人口与德国人口的分化程度相似。外加剂估计值表明，现代东德人的斯拉夫父系血统很小（约20％），几个世纪以来在邻近斯拉夫斯的德国人口中几乎找不到德国父系血统。对孤立的斯拉夫人口进行的BATWING分析显示，他们的分歧是在人口快速增长之前发生的，这破坏了斯拉夫扩张主要是语言而非人口扩散的理论。与现代人群相比，波兰战前区域人群在R-M17子区域内表现出组内异质性和较低的STR变异，这可能是由于战争安置而变得同质化的。我们的结果表明，维斯杜拉河和奥德河盆地人类早期历史的遗传研究应依靠战前重建的人口，而不是现代人口。

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