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Unexplored Potentials of Epigenetic Mechanisms of Plants and Animals—Theoretical Considerations

机译:动植物表观遗传机制的未开发潜力-理论考虑

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摘要

Morphological and functional changes of cells are important for adapting to environmental changes and associated with continuous regulation of gene expressions. Genes are regulated–in part–by epigenetic mechanisms resulting in alternating patterns of gene expressions throughout life. Epigenetic changes responding to the environmental and intercellular signals can turn on/off specific genes, but do not modify the DNA sequence. Most epigenetic mechanisms are evolutionary conserved in eukaryotic organisms, and several homologs of epigenetic factors are present in plants and animals. Moreover, in vitro studies suggest that the plant cytoplasm is able to induce a nuclear reassembly of the animal cell, whereas others suggest that the ooplasm is able to induce condensation of plant chromatin. Here, we provide an overview of the main epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression and discuss fundamental epigenetic mechanisms and factors functioning in both plants and animals. Finally, we hypothesize that animal genome can be reprogrammed by epigenetic factors from the plant protoplast.
机译:细胞的形态和功能变化对于适应环境变化以及与基因表达的持续调节有关,非常重要。基因受到表观遗传机制的部分调节,从而导致一生中基因表达的交替模式。响应环境和细胞间信号的表观遗传变化可以打开/关闭特定基因,但不会修饰DNA序列。大多数表观遗传机制在真核生物中是进化保守的,而表观遗传因子的几种同源物存在于动植物中。此外,体外研究表明植物细胞质能够诱导动物细胞的核重组,而其他研究表明卵质能够诱导植物染色质的凝聚。在这里,我们提供了调节基因表达的主要表观遗传机制的概述,并讨论了在植物和动物中起作用的基本表观遗传机制和因素。最后,我们假设动物基因组可以被植物原生质体的表观遗传因子重编程。

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