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Water pollution and human health in China.

机译：中国的水污染与人类健康。

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摘要

China's extraordinary economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization, coupled with inadequate investment in basic water supply and treatment infrastructure, have resulted in widespread water pollution. In China today approximately 700 million people--over half the population--consume drinking water contaminated with levels of animal and human excreta that exceed maximum permissible levels by as much as 86% in rural areas and 28% in urban areas. By the year 2000, the volume of wastewater produced could double from 1990 levels to almost 78 billion tons. These are alarming trends with potentially serious consequences for human health. This paper reviews and analyzes recent Chinese reports on public health and water resources to shed light on what recent trends imply for China's environmental risk transition. This paper has two major conclusions. First, the critical deficits in basic water supply and sewage treatment infrastructure have increased the risk of exposure to infectious and parasitic disease and to a growing volume of industrial chemicals, heavy metals, and algal toxins. Second, the lack of coordination between environmental and public health objectives, a complex and fragmented system to manage water resources, and the general treatment of water as a common property resource mean that the water quality and quantity problems observed as well as the health threats identified are likely to become more acute.
机译：中国经济的飞速发展，工业化和城市化，加上对基本供水和处理基础设施的投资不足，导致了广泛的水污染。如今，在中国，大约有7亿人（占总人口的一半）所消耗的饮用水被动物和人类排泄物污染，超过了最大允许水平，其中农村地区超过86％，城市地区超过28％。到2000年，产生的废水量可能比1990年的水平增加一倍，达到近780亿吨。这些令人震惊的趋势可能对人类健康造成严重后果。本文回顾并分析了中国近期关于公共卫生和水资源的报道，以阐明近期趋势对中国环境风险转变的暗示。本文有两个主要结论。首先，基本的供水和污水处理基础设施严重不足，增加了接触传染病和寄生虫病以及日益增长的工业化学品，重金属和藻类毒素暴露的风险。其次，环境与公共卫生目标之间缺乏协调，水资源管理系统复杂而分散，以及将水作为一种共有财产进行一般处理，这意味着观察到的水质和水量问题以及对健康的威胁已得到确认可能会变得更加尖锐。

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