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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Environmental Health Perspectives >The potential impacts of climate variability and change on health impacts of extreme weather events in the United States.
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The potential impacts of climate variability and change on health impacts of extreme weather events in the United States.

机译：气候变化和变化对美国极端天气事件对健康的潜在影响。

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摘要

Extreme weather events such as precipitation extremes and severe storms cause hundreds of deaths and injuries annually in the United States. Climate change may alter the frequency, timing, intensity, and duration of these events. Increases in heavy precipitation have occurred over the past century. Future climate scenarios show likely increases in the frequency of extreme precipitation events, including precipitation during hurricanes, raising the risk of floods. Frequencies of tornadoes and hurricanes cannot reliably be projected. Injury and death are the direct health impacts most often associated with natural disasters. Secondary effects, mediated by changes in ecologic systems and public health infrastructure, also occur. The health impacts of extreme weather events hinge on the vulnerabilities and recovery capacities of the natural environment and the local population. Relevant variables include building codes, warning systems, disaster policies, evacuation plans, and relief efforts. There are many federal, state, and local government agencies and nongovernmental organizations involved in planning for and responding to natural disasters in the United States. Future research on health impacts of extreme weather events should focus on improving climate models to project any trends in regional extreme events and as a result improve public health preparedness and mitigation. Epidemiologic studies of health effects beyond the direct impacts of disaster will provide a more accurate measure of the full health impacts and will assist in planning and resource allocation.
机译：在美国，极端天气事件（例如极端降雨和严重风暴）每年导致数百人死亡和受伤。气候变化可能会改变这些事件的发生频率，时间，强度和持续时间。在过去的一个世纪中，出现了强降水。未来的气候情景表明，极端降水事件（包括飓风期间的降水）的发生频率可能​​会增加，从而增加发生洪灾的风险。无法可靠地预测龙卷风和飓风的频率。伤害和死亡是与自然灾害最直接相关的直接健康影响。还发生了由生态系统和公共卫生基础设施的变化所介导的次级影响。极端天气事件对健康的影响取决于自然环境和当地居民的脆弱性和恢复能力。相关变量包括建筑法规，预警系统，灾难政策，疏散计划和救援工作。有许多联邦，州和地方政府机构以及非政府组织参与计划和应对美国的自然灾害。未来有关极端天气事件对健康的影响的研究应集中在改进气候模型上，以预测区域极端事件的任何趋势，从而改善公共卫生的防范和缓解。除了灾难的直接影响之外，对健康影响的流行病学研究将提供对整个健康影响的更准确衡量，并将有助于规划和资源分配。

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