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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Environmental Health Perspectives >Daily average exposures to respirable particulate matter from combustion of biomass fuels in rural households of southern India.
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Daily average exposures to respirable particulate matter from combustion of biomass fuels in rural households of southern India.

机译：印度南部农村家庭燃烧生物质燃料产生的可吸入颗粒物的每日平均暴露量。

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Indoor air pollution resulting from combustion of biomass fuels in rural households of developing countries is now recognized as a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Accurate estimation of health risks has been hampered by a paucity of quantitative exposure information. In this study we quantified exposures to respirable particulate matter from biomass-fuel combustion in 436 rural homes selected through stratified random sampling from four districts of Tamil Nadu, India. The study households are a subset of a larger sample of 5,028 households from the same districts in which socioeconomic and health information has been collected. Results of measurements for personal exposures to respirable particulate matter during cooking were reported earlier. This has been extended to calculation of 24-hr exposures with the aid of additional measurements during noncooking times and the collection of time-activity records. Concentrations of respirable particulate matter ranged from 500 to 2,000 micro g/m(3) during cooking in biomass-using households, and average 24-hr exposures ranged from 90 +/- 21 micro g/m(3) for those not involved in cooking to 231 +/- 109 micro g/m(3) for those who cooked. The 24-hr exposures were around 82 +/- 39 micro g/m(3) for those in households using clean fuels (with similar exposures across household subgroups). Fuel type, type and location of the kitchen, and the time spent near the kitchen while cooking were the most important determinants of exposure across these households among other parameters examined, including stove type, cooking duration, and smoke from neighborhood cooking. These estimates could be used to build a regional exposure database and facilitate health risk assessments.
机译：现已认识到发展中国家农村家庭中由生物质燃料燃烧引起的室内空气污染是造成全球疾病负担的主要因素。缺乏定量的接触信息阻碍了对健康风险的准确估计。在这项研究中，我们通过分层随机抽样从印度泰米尔纳德邦的四个地区中选择了436个农村家庭，对生物质燃料燃烧过程中可吸入颗粒物的暴露进行了量化。研究家庭是来自同一地区的5028户较大样本的子集，这些地区已收集了社会经济和健康信息。较早地报告了在烹饪过程中个人暴露于可吸入颗粒物的测量结果。借助非烹饪时间的额外测量和时间活动记录的收集，该方法已扩展到24小时暴露的计算。在使用生物质的家庭中烹饪时，可吸入颗粒物的浓度范围为500至2,000 micro g / m（3），对于那些不参与其中的家庭，其24小时平均暴露范围为90 +/- 21 micro g / m（3）。对于那些煮熟的食物，将其蒸煮至231 +/- 109 micro g / m（3）。对于使用清洁燃料的家庭而言，其24小时暴露量约为82 +/- 39 micro g / m（3）（各家庭亚组的暴露量相似）。燃料类型，厨房的类型和位置以及在厨房附近做饭的时间是这些家庭中暴露的最重要因素，其中还包括其他参数，包括炉灶类型，烹饪时间和附近烹饪产生的烟雾。这些估计数可用于建立区域暴露数据库并促进健康风险评估。

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