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Health and Environment Information Systems for Exposure and Disease Mapping and Risk Assessment

机译：卫生和环境信息系统用于暴露和疾病测绘以及风险评估

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摘要

A large number of chemicals are used on a regular basis in modern society. Thousands of new chemicals are added each year, many of which may have toxic properties constituting potential health hazards. Rapid assessment of the risk associated with the use of these chemicals is therefore essential to protect people from exposure to potentially harmful substances. Exposures to chemicals (and physical agents) are typically unevenly distributed geographically as well as temporally. Disease occurrence also shows geographically varying patterns. Geographic information systems (GIS) may be used to produce maps of exposure and/or disease to reveal spatial patterns. Exposure mapping using advanced GIS modeling may enhance exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology studies. Disease maps can be valuable tools in risk assessment to explore changes in disease patterns potentially associated with changes in environmental exposures. Spatial variations in risk and trends related to distance from pollution sources may be studied using software tools such as the Rapid Inquiry Facility, developed by the U.K. Small Area Health Statistics Unit and enhanced in the European Health and Environment Information System project, for an initial quick evaluation of any potential health hazards associated with an environmental pollutant.
机译：现代社会经常使用大量化学药品。每年添加成千上万种新化学药品，其中许多可能具有构成潜在健康危害的毒性。因此，快速评估与使用这些化学物质有关的风险对于保护人们免于接触潜在有害物质至关重要。化学品（和物理制剂）的暴露通常在地理位置和时间上分布不均。疾病的发生也显示出地理上变化的模式。地理信息系统（GIS）可用于生成暴露和/或疾病地图，以揭示空间格局。使用高级GIS建模的暴露图可以增强环境流行病学研究中的暴露评估。疾病图可能是风险评估中有价值的工具，用于探索可能与环境暴露变化相关的疾病模式变化。可以使用软件工具来研究风险和与污染源的距离有关的趋势的空间变化，例如由英国小面积卫生统计部门开发并在欧洲卫生与环境信息系统项目中得到增强的快速查询工具。评估与环境污染物有关的任何潜在健康危害。

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