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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Environmental Health Perspectives >Use of the Land Snail Helix aspersa as Sentinel Organism for Monitoring Ecotoxicologic Effects of Urban Pollution: An Integrated Approach
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Use of the Land Snail Helix aspersa as Sentinel Organism for Monitoring Ecotoxicologic Effects of Urban Pollution: An Integrated Approach

机译：陆地蜗牛螺旋曲霉作为前哨生物用于监测城市污染的生态毒理作用：一种综合方法

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Atmospheric pollution from vehicular traffic is a matter of growing interest, often leading to temporary restrictions in urban areas. Although guidelines indicate limits for several parameters, the real toxicologic impacts remain largely unexplored in field conditions. In this study our aim was to validate an ecotoxicologic approach to evaluate both bioaccumulation and toxicologic effects caused by airborne pollutants. Specimens of the land snail Helix aspersa were caged in five sites in the urban area of Ancona, Italy. After 4 weeks, trace metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured and these data integrated with the analyses of molecular and biochemical responses. Such biomarkers reflected the induction of detoxification pathways or the onset of cellular toxicity caused by pollutants. Biomarkers that correlated with contaminant accumulation included levels of metallothioneins, activity of biotransformation enzymes (ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase), and peroxisomal proliferation. More general responses were investigated as oxidative stress variations, including efficiency of antioxidant defenses (catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferases, glutathione peroxidases, and total glutathione) and total oxyradical scavenging capacity toward peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals, onset of cellular damages (i.e., lysosomal destabilization), and loss of DNA integrity. Results revealed a marked accumulation of metals and PAHs in digestive tissues of organisms maintained in more traffic-congested sites. The contemporary appearance of several alterations confirmed the cellular reactivity of these chemicals with toxicologic effects of potential concern for human health. The overall results of this exploratory study suggest the utility of H. aspersa as a sentinel organism for biomonitoring the biologic impact of atmospheric pollution in urban areas.
机译：机动车交通引起的大气污染问题日益引起人们的关注，这常常导致城市地区的临时限制。尽管指南指出了几个参数的限制，但实际毒理学影响在野外条件下仍未开发。在这项研究中，我们的目的是验证一种生态毒理学方法，以评估由空气传播的污染物引起的生物累积和毒理学效应。蜗牛蜗牛的标本被关在意大利安科纳市区的五个地点。 4周后，对痕量金属（镉，铬，铜，铁，锰，镍，铅和锌）和多环芳烃（PAHs）进行了测量，并将这些数据与分子和生化响应分析相结合。此类生物标记物反映了排毒途径的诱导或由污染物引起的细胞毒性的开始。与污染物积累相关的生物标志物包括金属硫蛋白的水平，生物转化酶（乙氧基试卤灵O-脱乙基酶，乙氧基香豆素O-脱乙基酶）的活性和过氧化物酶体增殖。研究了更多的一般反应作为氧化应激变化，包括抗氧化剂防御的效率（过氧化氢酶，谷胱甘肽还原酶，谷胱甘肽S-转移酶，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和总谷胱甘肽）和总氧自由基清除过氧化物和羟基自由基的能力，细胞损伤的发生（即，溶酶体失稳）和DNA完整性丧失。结果表明，金属和PAHs在交通拥挤较多的地方的生物的消化组织中大量积累。现代变化的外观证实了这些化学物质的细胞反应性以及对人体健康可能引起关注的毒理学作用。这项探索性研究的总体结果表明，H。aspersa作为一种前哨生物，可用于对城市大气污染的生物影响进行生物监测。

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