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Resistance gained resistance lost: An explanation for host–parasite coexistence

机译:抵抗力增强抵抗力丧失:宿主-寄生虫共存的解释

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摘要

Host populations are under continual selection by parasites due to reduced fitness of infected individuals relative to uninfected individuals. This should select for host resistance against parasites, and ample evidence from the laboratory and natural populations demonstrates that hosts can respond rapidly to parasitism by evolving resistance. Why then do parasites still exist? In part, this is due to ongoing arms races as parasites evolve counteradaptations to overcome resistance and to the presence of spatial structure and refuges. However, host–parasite coexistence can also be explained through loss of resistance over time due either to selection against costly resistance mechanisms or constant loss of resistance via reversion mutations.
机译:由于感染个体相对于未感染个体的适应性降低,寄主种群不断被寄生虫选择。这应该选择寄主对寄生虫的抵抗力,实验室和自然种群的大量证据表明寄主可以通过不断发展的抵抗力迅速对寄生虫作出反应。为什么寄生虫仍然存在?在某种程度上,这是由于正在进行的军备竞赛,因为寄生虫不断发展反适应以克服抵抗力以及空间结构和庇护所的存在。然而,宿主-寄生虫共存也可以通过随着时间的流逝而丧失抗性来解释,这归因于对昂贵的抗性机制的选择或通过回复突变导致的抗性恒定丧失。

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