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Going beyond 1000000 resolved points in a Brillouin distributed fiber sensor: theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration

机译：在布里渊分布式光纤传感器中突破1000000个分辨点：理论分析和实验演示

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摘要

Distributed fiber sensing possesses the unique ability to measure the distributed profile of an environmental quantity along many tens of kilometers with spatial resolutions in the meter or even centimeter scale. This feature enables distributed sensors to provide a large number of resolved points using a single optical fiber. However, in current systems, this number has remained constrained to a few hundreds of thousands due to the finite signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the measurements, which imposes significant challenges in the development of more performing sensors. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an ultimately optimized distributed fiber sensor capable of resolving 2100000 independent points, which corresponds to a one-order-of-magnitude improvement compared to the state-of-the-art. Using a Brillouin distributed fiber sensor based on phase-modulation correlation-domain analysis combined with temporal gating of the pump and time-domain acquisition, a spatial resolution of 8.3 mm is demonstrated over a distance of 17.5 km. The sensor design addresses the most relevant factors impacting the SNR and the performance of medium-to-long range sensors as well as of sub-meter spatial resolution schemes. This step record in the number of resolved points could be reached due to two theoretical models proposed and experimentally validated in this study: one model describes the spatial resolution of the system and its relation with the sampling interval, and the other describes the amplitude response of the sensor, providing an accurate estimation of the SNR of the measurements.
机译：分布式光纤感测具有独特的能力，可以测量数十公里内环境量的分布轮廓，并具有米或什至厘米尺度的空间分辨率。此功能使分布式传感器可以使用单根光纤提供大量解析点。但是，在当前系统中，由于测量的有限信噪比（SNR），该数目仍被限制在数十万，这在开发性能更高的传感器方面提出了重大挑战。在这里，我们提出并通过实验证明了一种最终优化的分布式光纤传感器，它能够解决2100000个独立点，与现有技术相比，这相当于提高了一个数量级。使用基于相位调制相关域分析，泵的时间选通和时域采集相结合的布里渊分布式光纤传感器，在17.5 km的距离上显示了8.3 mm的空间分辨率。传感器设计解决了影响信噪比和中长距离传感器以及亚米空间分辨率方案性能的最相关因素。可以通过本研究中提出并通过实验验证的两个理论模型来获得此分解点数的阶跃记录：一个模型描述了系统的空间分辨率及其与采样间隔的关系，另一个模型描述了系统的幅度响应。传感器，提供对测量信噪比的准确估算。

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