首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Learning Memory >Cyclic nucleotide–gated channels calmodulin adenylyl cyclase and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II are required for late but not early long-term memory formation in the honeybee
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Cyclic nucleotide–gated channels calmodulin adenylyl cyclase and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II are required for late but not early long-term memory formation in the honeybee

机译:蜜蜂的晚期(而非早期)长期记忆形成需要环状核苷酸门控通道钙调蛋白腺苷酸环化酶和钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶II

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摘要

Memory is a dynamic process that allows encoding, storage, and retrieval of information acquired through individual experience. In the honeybee Apis mellifera, olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER) has shown that besides short-term memory (STM) and mid-term memory (MTM), two phases of long-term memory (LTM) are formed upon multiple-trial conditioning: an early phase (e-LTM) which depends on translation from already available mRNA, and a late phase (l-LTM) which requires de novo transcription and translation. Here we combined olfactory PER conditioning and neuropharmacological inhibition and studied the involvement of the NO–cGMP pathway, and of specific molecules, such as cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNG), calmodulin (CaM), adenylyl cyclase (AC), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII), in the formation of olfactory LTM in bees. We show that in addition to NO–cGMP and cAMP–PKA, CNG channels, CaM, AC, and CaMKII also participate in the formation of a l-LTM (72-h post-conditioning) that is specific for the learned odor. Importantly, the same molecules are dispensable for olfactory learning and for the formation of both MTM (in the minute and hour range) and e-LTM (24-h post-conditioning), thus suggesting that the signaling pathways leading to l-LTM or e-LTM involve different molecular actors.
机译:记忆是一个动态过程,可以对通过个人经历获得的信息进行编码,存储和检索。在蜜蜂Apis mellifera中,对象鼻延伸反应(PER)的嗅觉调节表明,除了短期记忆(STM)和中期记忆(MTM)以外,长期记忆(LTM)还形成了两个阶段-试验条件:依赖于已经可用的mRNA翻译的早期阶段(e-LTM),以及需要从头转录和翻译的晚期阶段(l-LTM)。在这里,我们结合嗅觉PER调节和神经药理学抑制作用,研究了NO–cGMP途径以及特定分子的参与,例如环状核苷酸门控通道(CNG),钙调蛋白(CaM),腺苷酸环化酶(AC)和Ca < sup> 2 + /钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶(CaMKII)在蜜蜂中形成嗅觉LTM。我们显示,除了NO–cGMP和cAMP–PKA外,CNG通道,CaM,AC和CaMKII还参与了L-LTM的形成(后处理72小时),该L-LTM专门针对所学气味。重要的是,对于嗅觉学习以及MTM(在分钟和小时范围内)和e-LTM(预处理后24小时)的形成而言,相同的分子是必不可少的,因此暗示了导致L-LTM或e-LTM涉及不同的分子参与者。

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