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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Toxics >A Pilot Study in Cameroon to Understand Safe Uses of Pesticides in Agriculture Risk Factors for Farmers’ Exposure and Management of Accidental Cases
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A Pilot Study in Cameroon to Understand Safe Uses of Pesticides in Agriculture Risk Factors for Farmers’ Exposure and Management of Accidental Cases

机译：喀麦隆进行的一项初步研究旨在了解农业中农药的安全使用农民接触农药的风险因素和意外病例的管理

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Chemical pesticides are widely used in Cameroon for agricultural production. In 2015, more than 600 pesticide products were approved for use in various foodstuffs. Much misuse of these chemicals by farmers has been documented in rural and urban settings. This pilot study aims to contribute to the improvement of the health of the population and the environmental preservation by identifying pesticide-poisoning cases, the most incriminated products and critical risk factors of exposure. Questionnaires were administered to pesticide vendors, farmers and health personnel, and observations made on farmers’ practices at their work places. From July to September 2016, 24 villages from five sites, representing the most important agricultural production areas of the five agro-ecological zones of Cameroon, were visited. In total, 519 people were interviewed: 412 farmers, 69 pesticide vendors and 38 health personnel. A total of 180 pesticide formulations out of 610 registered in 2015 were said to be used by farmers. In the 38 health centers visited, 56 cases of pesticide poisonings and intoxications were reported between 2011 and 2016. Paraquat-, glyphosate-, cypermethrin- and metalaxyl-formulated pesticides were the most incriminated. In total, 78% of poisoning cases were accidental, 12% suicide attempts, 4% criminal. Entry of pesticide products from neighboring countries needs to be better regulated, and the quality of pesticides sold on the market should be monitored periodically. Empty pesticide containers should be recuperated from smallholder farmers. Authorities should set up a harmonized pesticide-poisoning management procedure, and create a toxico-vigilance system for surveillance cases and preventive actions.
机译：化学农药在喀麦隆广泛用于农业生产。 2015年，批准了600多种农药产品用于各种食品。在农村和城市环境中，农民滥用这些化学物质的情况很多。这项试验性研究旨在通过确定农药中毒病例，危害最大的产品和暴露的关键危险因素，为改善人口健康和环境保护做出贡献。对农药供应商，农民和卫生人员进行了问卷调查，并对农民在工作场所的做法进行了观察。从2016年7月至2016年9月，参观了五个地点的24个村庄，这些村庄代表了喀麦隆五个农业生态区中最重要的农业生产区。总共采访了519人：412位农民，69位农药销售商和38位卫生人员。据说2015年注册的610种农药中有180种农药配方可供农民使用。在2011年至2016年间，在所访问的38个卫生中心中，报告了56起农药中毒和中毒事件。百草枯，草甘膦，氯氰菊酯和甲霜灵配制的农药受害最为严重。总共有78％的中毒事件是偶然的，12％的自杀未遂，4％的犯罪。需要更好地管制来自邻国的农药产品的进入，并应定期监测市场上出售的农药的质量。空的农药容器应从小农中回收。当局应建立统一的农药中毒管理程序，并建立毒物警戒系统，以监测案件和采取预防措施。

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