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Organization and implementation of mass medical rescue after an earthquake

机译：地震后大规模医疗救援的组织与实施

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On May 12, 2008, an 8.0-magnitude earthquake occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province. In this disaster, 69,000 people were killed, 18,000 people were reported missing, and 37,000 people were injured, including more than 10,000 who were seriously injured. Trauma was the most commonly observed type of injury, with fractures accounting for 74% of all injury cases. On April 14, 2010, a 7.1-magnitude earthquake occurred in Yushu of Qinghai Province. In this disaster, 2,698 people were killed, 270 people were reported missing, and 11,000 people were injured, including more than 3,100 who were seriously injured. Fracture injury accounted for 58.4% of all injury cases. After each earthquake, the Chinese Army Medical Services responded promptly, according to the previously established guidelines, and sent out elite forces to the disaster areas, with the objectives of organizing, coordinating and participating in an efficient and evidence-based medical rescue effort. After the Wenchuan earthquake, 397 mobile medical service teams including 7,061 health workers were sent to the disaster areas. A total of 69,000 casualties were treated, and 22,000 surgeries were performed. After the Yushu earthquake, 25 mobile medical service teams involving 2,025 health workers were sent. They performed 1,635 surgeries and created an astounding outcome of “zero deaths” in the aftermath of the earthquake during their treatment of casualties in a high-altitude region. Within a week after each earthquake, the military teams rescued approximately 60% of the total number of rescued casualties and evacuated approximately 80% of the total number of evacuated sick or wounded victims, playing a critical role and making invaluable contributions to earthquake relief. The experience and lessons learned from the rescue efforts of the Chinese military after the two earthquakes have highlighted several key aspects in emergency medical rescue: (1) medical rescue theories must be updated; (2) military-civilian cooperation must be stressed; (3) professional rescue forces must be strengthened; (4) supporting facilities must be improved; and (5) international exchanges and cooperation must be deepened.
机译：2008年5月12日，四川汶川发生了8.0级地震。在这场灾难中，有69,000人丧生，据报道失踪18,000人，受伤37,000人，其中包括10,000多人受到重伤。创伤是最常见的伤害类型，骨折占所有伤害病例的74％。 2010年4月14日，青海省玉树县发生7.1级地震。在这场灾难中，有2698人被杀，270人据报失踪，11000人受伤，其中3100多人受了重伤。骨折损伤占所有损伤病例的58.4％。每次地震后，中国陆军医疗服务队都按照先前制定的准则迅速做出反应，并派遣精锐部队前往灾区，目的是组织，协调和参与有效的，循证的医疗救援工作。汶川地震发生后，向灾区派出了397支流动医疗服务队，包括7,061名医护人员。总共治疗了69,000名伤员，并进行了22,000例手术。玉树地震后，派出了25个流动医疗服务队，涉及2,025名卫生工作者。他们在地震后对高海拔地区的伤亡人员进行了1635次手术，并创造了令人震惊的“零死亡”结果。在每次地震后的一周内，军方营救了约60％被营救的伤亡人员，疏散了约80％疏散的生病或受伤的受害者，发挥了关键作用，为抗震救灾做出了宝贵贡献。两次地震后中国军方在救援工作中的经验教训，突出了紧急医疗救援的几个关键方面：（1）必须更新医疗救援理论； （2）必须加强军民合作； （三）必须加强专业救援力量； （4）配套设施必须完善； （五）必须深化国际交流与合作。

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