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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1-Mediated Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 Phosphorylation Acts as a Functional Link Coupling Mitotic Arrest and Apoptosis

机译:细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1介导的Bcl-xL / Bcl-2磷酸化充当功能联结耦合有丝分裂逮捕和凋亡。

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摘要

Despite detailed knowledge of the components of the spindle assembly checkpoint, a molecular explanation of how cells die after prolonged spindle checkpoint activation, and thus how microtubule inhibitors and other antimitotic drugs ultimately elicit their lethal effects, has yet to emerge. Mitotically arrested cells typically display extensive phosphorylation of two key antiapoptotic proteins, Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, and evidence suggests that phosphorylation disables their antiapoptotic activity. However, the responsible kinase has remained elusive. In this report, evidence is presented that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)/cyclin B catalyzes mitotic-arrest-induced Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we show that CDK1 transiently and incompletely phosphorylates these proteins during normal mitosis. When mitosis is prolonged in the absence of microtubule inhibition, Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 become highly phosphorylated. Transient overexpression of nondegradable cyclin B1 caused apoptotic death, which was blocked by a phosphodefective Bcl-xL mutant but not by a phosphomimetic Bcl-xL mutant, confirming Bcl-xL as a key target of proapoptotic CDK1 signaling. These findings suggest a model whereby a switch in the duration of CDK1 activation, from transient during mitosis to sustained during mitotic arrest, dramatically increases the extent of Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 phosphorylation, resulting in inactivation of their antiapoptotic function. Thus, phosphorylation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins acts as a sensor for CDK1 signal duration and as a functional link coupling mitotic arrest to apoptosis.
机译:尽管对纺锤体装配检查点的成分有详尽的了解,但对于延长纺锤体检查点激活后细胞如何死亡的分子解释,以及微管抑制剂和其他抗有丝分裂药物最终如何引发致命作用的分子解释尚未出现。线粒体停滞的细胞通常会显示两种关键的抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-xL和Bcl-2的广泛磷酸化,证据表明磷酸化会破坏其抗凋亡活性。然而,负责任的激酶仍然难以捉摸。在此报告中,证据表明,细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1(CDK1)/细胞周期蛋白B催化有丝分裂阻滞诱导的Bcl-xL / Bcl-2磷酸化。此外,我们显示CDK1在正常的有丝分裂过程中瞬时和不完全磷酸化这些蛋白质。在没有微管抑制的情况下延长有丝分裂时,Bcl-xL和Bcl-2会高度磷酸化。不可降解细胞周期蛋白B1的瞬时过表达导致细胞凋亡死亡,该细胞凋亡被磷酸缺陷型Bcl-xL突变体阻止,但未被拟磷酸酶Bcl-xL突变体阻止,从而证实Bcl-xL是促凋亡CDK1信号传导的关键靶标。这些发现提示了一种模型,其中CDK1激活的持续时间从有丝分裂期间的短暂过渡到有丝分裂停滞期间的持续期间,显着增加了Bcl-xL / Bcl-2磷酸化的程度,从而导致其抗凋亡功能的失活。因此,抗凋亡的Bcl-2蛋白的磷酸化充当CDK1信号持续时间的传感器,并充当将有丝分裂阻滞与细胞凋亡耦合的功能性连接。

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