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AMPK Regulates Mitotic Spindle Orientation through Phosphorylation of Myosin Regulatory Light Chain

机译:AMPK通过肌球蛋白调节性轻链的磷酸化调节有丝分裂纺锤轴的方向。

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摘要

The proper orientation of the mitotic spindle is essential for mitosis; however, how these events unfold at the molecular level is not well understood. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates energy homeostasis in eukaryotes, and AMPK-null Drosophila mutants have spindle defects. We show that threonine172 phosphorylated AMPK localizes to the mitotic spindle poles and increases when cells enter mitosis. AMPK depletion causes a mitotic delay with misoriented spindles relative to the normal division plane and a reduced number and length of astral microtubules. AMPK-depleted cells contain mitotic actin bundles, which prevent astral microtubule-actin cortex attachments. Since myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) is an AMPK downstream target and mediates actin function, we investigated whether AMPK signals through MRLC to control spindle orientation. Mitotic levels of serine19 phosphorylated MRLC (pMRLCser19) and spindle pole-associated pMRLCser19 are abolished when AMPK function is compromised, indicating that AMPK is essential for pMRLCser19 spindle pole activity. Phosphorylation of AMPK and MRLC in the mitotic spindle is dependent upon calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CamKK) activity in LKB1-deficient cells, suggesting that CamKK regulates this pathway when LKB1 function is compromised. Taken together, these data indicate that AMPK mediates spindle pole-associated pMRLCser19 to control spindle orientation via regulation of actin cortex-astral microtubule attachments.
机译:有丝分裂纺锤体的正确方向对于有丝分裂至关重要。然而,这些事件如何在分子水平上发生还不是很清楚。 AMP激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)调节真核生物的能量稳态,而AMPK无效的果蝇突变体具有纺锤体缺陷。我们显示,苏氨酸 172 磷酸化的AMPK定位于有丝分裂纺锤体极,并在细胞进入有丝分裂时增加。 AMPK耗竭会导致纺锤体有丝分裂延迟,纺锤体相对于正常的分割平面方向错误,并且星形微管的数量和长度减少。 AMPK耗尽的细胞包含有丝分裂肌动蛋白束,可防止星状微管肌动蛋白皮层附着。由于肌球蛋白调节轻链(MRLC)是AMPK下游靶标并介导肌动蛋白功能,我们研究了AMPK是否通过MRLC信号来控制纺锤体定向。当AMPK功能受损时,丝氨酸 19 磷酸化MRLC(pMRLC ser19 )和纺锤极相关的pMRLC ser19 的有丝分裂水平被取消,表明AMPK对于pMRLC ser19 主轴磁极活动至关重要。在有丝分裂纺锤体中AMPK和MRLC的磷酸化取决于LKB1缺陷细胞中钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶激酶(CamKK)的活性,表明当LKB1功能受损时,CamKK会调节该途径。综上所述,这些数据表明AMPK通过调节肌动蛋白皮层-星形微管的附着来介导纺锤体极相关的pMRLC ser19 来控制纺锤体的方向。

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