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Microextraction Techniques Used in the Procedures for Determining Organomercury and Organotin Compounds in Environmental Samples

机译：用于测定环境样品中有机汞和有机锡化合物的程序中的微萃取技术

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摘要

Due to human activities, the concentrations of organometallic compounds in all parts of the environment have increased in recent decades. The toxicity and some biochemical properties of mercury and tin present in the environment depend on the concentration and chemical form of these two elements. The ever-increasing demand for determining compounds at very low concentration levels in samples with complex matrices requires the elimination of interfering substances, the reduction of the final extract volume, and analyte enrichment in order to employ a detection technique, which is characterised by high sensitivity at low limits of quantification. On the other hand, in accordance with current trends, the analytical procedures should aim at the miniaturisation and simplification of the sample preparation step. In the near future, more importance will be given to the fulfilment of the requirements of Green Chemistry and Green Analytical Chemistry in order to reduce the intensity of anthropogenic activities related to analytical laboratories. In this case, one can consider the use of solvent-free/solvent-less techniques for sample preparation and microextraction techniques, because the use of the latter leads to lowering the quantity of reagents used (including solvents) due to the reduction of the scale of analysis. This paper presents an overview of microextraction techniques (SPME and LPME) used in the procedures for determining different chemical forms of mercury and tin.
机译：由于人类活动，近几十年来环境中所有部分中有机金属化合物的浓度都在增加。环境中存在的汞和锡的毒性和某些生化特性取决于这两种元素的浓度和化学形式。为了测定复杂基质样品中低浓度化合物的不断增长的需求，需要消除干扰物质，减少最终提取物的体积和分析物富集，以便采用具有高灵敏度的检测技术低定量限。另一方面，根据目前的趋势，分析程序应以样品制备步骤的小型化和简化为目标。在不久的将来，将更加重视满足绿色化学和绿色分析化学的要求，以减少与分析实验室有关的人为活动的强度。在这种情况下，可以考虑将无溶剂/无溶剂技术用于样品制备和微萃取技术，因为后者的使用会由于规模减小而导致所用试剂（包括溶剂）的数量减少分析。本文概述了用于确定汞和锡的不同化学形式的程序中的微萃取技术（SPME和LPME）。

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