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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Neuropsychopharmacology >Extended Heroin Access Increases Heroin Choices Over a Potent Nondrug Alternative
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Extended Heroin Access Increases Heroin Choices Over a Potent Nondrug Alternative

机译：相比有效的非毒品替代品海洛因的广泛使用增加了海洛因的选择

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Epidemiological research shows that the proportion of drug users who become addicted to heroin is higher than to cocaine. Here we tested whether this difference could be due to a difference in the addiction liability between the two drugs. Addiction liability was assessed under a discrete-trials choice procedure by measuring the proportion of rats that prefer the drug over a potent alternative reward (ie, water sweetened with saccharin). Previous research on choice between self-administration of i.v. cocaine or sweet water showed that the proportion of cocaine-preferring rats remains relatively low and invariable (ie, 15%), even after extended drug access and regardless of past drug consumption (ie, total drug use before choice testing). By contrast, the present study shows that under similar choice conditions, the proportion of heroin-preferring rats considerably increases with extended heroin access (6–9 h per day for several weeks) and with past heroin consumption, from 11 to 51% at the highest past drug consumption level. At this level, the proportion of drug-preferring rats was about three times higher with heroin than with cocaine (51% vs 15%). This increase in the rate of heroin preference after extended heroin access persisted even after recovery from acute heroin withdrawal. Overall, these findings show that choice procedures are uniquely sensitive to different drugs and suggest that heroin is more addictive than cocaine. This higher addiction liability may contribute to explain why more drug users become addicted to heroin than to cocaine in epidemiological studies.
机译：流行病学研究表明，吸食海洛因的吸毒者比例高于可卡因。在这里，我们测试了这种差异是否可能是由于两种药物之间的成瘾性差异所致。在离散试验选择程序下，通过测量比有效替代奖励（即糖精加糖的水）更偏爱该药物的大鼠比例来评估成瘾责任。先前关于i.v.自我管理之间选择的研究可卡因或甜水表明，即使在延长药物获取后，并且与过去的药物消费量无关（即选择测试前的总药物使用量），可卡因偏爱的大鼠的比例仍然相对较低且不变（即15％）。相比之下，本研究表明，在相似的选择条件下，海洛因偏爱的大鼠比例随着海洛因接触时间的延长（每天6-9小时，持续数周）和过去的海洛因消费量而显着增加，从海洛因摄入量的11％增至51％。过去吸毒水平最高。在这个水平上，海洛因药物偏好大鼠的比例比可卡因高约3倍（51％比15％）。即使从急性海洛因戒断中恢复后，延长海洛因接触量后海洛因偏爱率的增加仍然持续。总体而言，这些发现表明选择程序对不同药物具有独特的敏感性，并表明海洛因比可卡因更容易上瘾。在流行病学研究中，这种较高的成瘾倾向可能有助于解释为什么吸毒者对海洛因的依赖比对可卡因的依赖要高。

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