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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >The sharing of water between society and ecosystems: from conflict to catchment-based co-management.
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The sharing of water between society and ecosystems: from conflict to catchment-based co-management.

机译：社会与生态系统之间的水共享：从冲突到集水为基础的共同管理。

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摘要

Human uses of freshwater resources are increasing rapidly as the world population rises. As this happens, less water is left to support aquatic and associated ecosystems. To minimize future human water shortages and undesirable environmental impacts, more equitable sharing of water resources between society and nature is required. This will require physical quantities and social values to be placed on both human and aquatic ecosystem requirements. Current water valuation systems are dominated by economic values and this paper illustrates new quantification and valuation methods that take more account of human well-being and environmental impacts. The key to the effective implementation of these more equitable water allocation methods is the use of catchment-based integrated water resources management. This holistic framework makes it possible for human and ecosystem water requirements and the interactions between them to be better understood. This knowledge provides the foundation for incorporating relevant social factors so that water policies and laws can be developed to make best use of limited water resources. Catchment-based co-management can therefore help to ensure more effective sharing of water between people and nature.
机译：随着世界人口的增加，人类对淡水资源的利用正在迅速增加。发生这种情况时，剩下的水较少，无法支撑水生及相关的生态系统。为了最大程度地减少未来的人类水资源短缺和不良的环境影响，社会与自然之间需要更公平地共享水资源。这将需要将物理量和社会价值置于人类和水生生态系统需求上。当前的水评估系统主要由经济价值决定，本文阐述了新的量化和评估方法，这些方法更多地考虑了人类福祉和环境影响。有效实施这些更公平的水资源分配方法的关键是使用基于集水区的综合水资源管理。这种整体框架使人们对人类和生态系统的水需求以及它们之间的相互作用有了更好的了解。这些知识为纳入相关的社会因素提供了基础，以便可以制定水资源政策和法律以充分利用有限的水资源。因此，基于集水区的共同管理可以帮助确保人与自然之间更有效地共享水。

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