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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >The future of the Amazon: new perspectives from climate ecosystem and social sciences
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The future of the Amazon: new perspectives from climate ecosystem and social sciences

机译：亚马逊的未来：气候生态系统和社会科学的新观点

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The potential loss or large-scale degradation of the tropical rainforests has become one of the iconic images of the impacts of twenty-first century environmental change and may be one of our century's most profound legacies. In the Amazon region, the direct threat of deforestation and degradation is now strongly intertwined with an indirect challenge we are just beginning to understand: the possibility of substantial regional drought driven by global climate change. The Amazon region hosts more than half of the world's remaining tropical forests, and some parts have among the greatest concentrations of biodiversity found anywhere on Earth. Overall, the region is estimated to host about a quarter of all global biodiversity. It acts as one of the major ‘flywheels’ of global climate, transpiring water and generating clouds, affecting atmospheric circulation across continents and hemispheres, and storing substantial reserves of biomass and soil carbon. Hence, the ongoing degradation of Amazonia is a threat to local climate stability and a contributor to the global atmospheric climate change crisis. Conversely, the stabilization of Amazonian deforestation and degradation would be an opportunity for local adaptation to climate change, as well as a potential global contributor towards mitigation of climate change. However, addressing deforestation in the Amazon raises substantial challenges in policy, governance, sustainability and economic science. This paper introduces a theme issue dedicated to a multidisciplinary analysis of these challenges.
机译：热带雨林的潜在损失或大规模退化已成为二十一世纪环境变化影响的标志性图像之一，并且可能是本世纪最深刻的遗产之一。在亚马逊地区，森林砍伐和退化的直接威胁与我们刚刚开始理解的间接挑战紧密地交织在一起：全球气候变化可能导致区域性大面积干旱。亚马逊地区拥有世界上剩余的热带森林的一半以上，其中一些地区是地球上任何地方生物多样性最集中的地区。总体而言，估计该地区拥有全球全部生物多样性的约四分之一。它是全球气候的主要“飞轮”之一，它散布着水并生成云朵，影响了各大洲和半球的大气循环，并存储了大量生物量和土壤碳。因此，亚马逊河的持续退化对当地的气候稳定构成威胁，并且是全球大气气候变化危机的成因。相反，稳定亚马逊地区的森林砍伐和退化将是地方适应气候变化的机会，也是缓解气候变化的潜在全球贡献者。但是，解决亚马逊地区的森林砍伐在政策，治理，可持续性和经济科学方面提出了严峻挑战。本文介绍了一个主题问题，致力于对这些挑战进行多学科分析。

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