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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >Genomic divergence during speciation: causes and consequences
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Genomic divergence during speciation: causes and consequences

机译：物种形成过程中的基因组差异：成因和后果

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摘要

Speciation is a fundamental process responsible for the diversity of life. Progress has been made in detecting individual ‘speciation genes’ that cause reproductive isolation. In contrast, until recently, less attention has been given to genome-wide patterns of divergence during speciation. Thus, major questions remain concerning how individual speciation genes are arrayed within the genome, and how this affects speciation. This theme issue is dedicated to exploring this genomic perspective of speciation. Given recent sequencing and computational advances that now allow genomic analyses in most organisms, the goal is to help move the field towards a more integrative approach. This issue draws upon empirical studies in plants and animals, and theoretical work, to review and further document patterns of genomic divergence. In turn, these studies begin to disentangle the role that different processes, such as natural selection, gene flow and recombination rate, play in generating observed patterns. These factors are considered in the context of how genomes diverge as speciation unfolds, from beginning to end. The collective results point to how experimental work is now required, in conjunction with theory and sequencing studies, to move the field from descriptive studies of patterns of divergence towards a predictive framework that tackles the causes and consequences of genome-wide patterns.
机译：物种形成是导致生活多样化的基本过程。在检测导致生殖隔离的单个“物种基因”方面已取得进展。相反，直到最近，对物种形成过程中基因组范围内的发散模式的关注较少。因此，主要的问题仍然是关于个体物种形成基因如何排列在基因组中，以及这如何影响物种形成。本期主题致力于探讨物种的基因组学观点。鉴于最近测序和计算技术的进步，现在可以在大多数生物体中进行基因组分析，目标是帮助该领域朝着更加综合的方向发展。本期利用对动植物的实证研究和理论工作来回顾并进一步记录基因组差异的模式。反过来，这些研究开始弄清不同过程（例如自然选择，基因流和重组率）在产生观察到的模式中所起的作用。在物种形成从头到尾的过程中，基因组如何发散的背景下考虑了这些因素。总体结果表明，现在需要如何结合理论和测序研究来进行实验工作，以将领域从描述性发散模式的研究转移到解决全基因组模式的成因和后果的预测框架。

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