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Building the microbiome in health and disease: niche construction and social conflict in bacteria

机译:建立健康与疾病中的微生物组:利基构建和细菌中的社会冲突

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摘要

Microbes collectively shape their environment in remarkable ways via the products of their metabolism. The diverse environmental impacts of macro-organisms have been collated and reviewed under the banner of ‘niche construction’. Here, we identify and review a series of broad and overlapping classes of bacterial niche construction, ranging from biofilm production to detoxification or release of toxins, enzymes, metabolites and viruses, and review their role in shaping microbiome composition, human health and disease. Some bacterial niche-constructing traits can be seen as extended phenotypes, where individuals actively tailor their environment to their benefit (and potentially to the benefit of others, generating social dilemmas). Other modifications can be viewed as non-adaptive by-products from a producer perspective, yet they may lead to remarkable within-host environmental changes. We illustrate how social evolution and niche construction perspectives offer complementary insights into the dynamics and consequences of these traits across distinct timescales. This review highlights that by understanding the coupled bacterial and biochemical dynamics in human health and disease we can better manage host health.
机译:微生物通过其新陈代谢的产物以显着方式共同塑造环境。宏观生物对环境的各种影响已在“利基建设”的旗帜下进行了整理和审查。在这里,我们确定并审查了一系列广泛而重叠的细菌生态位构建,从生物膜生产到毒素,酶,代谢产物和病毒的解毒或释放,并综述了它们在塑造微生物组组成,人类健康和疾病中的作用。一些细菌生态位构建特征可以看作是扩展的表型,其中个体积极地根据自己的利益调整其环境(并可能有益于他人的利益,从而产生社会困境)。从生产商的角度来看,其他修改可以视为非自适应副产品,但它们可能导致宿主内部发生显着的环境变化。我们说明了社会进化和利基建设的视角如何在不同的时间尺度上提供对这些特征的动态和后果的补充见解。这篇综述强调了通过了解人类健康和疾病中细菌和生化动力学的耦合,我们可以更好地管理宿主健康。

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