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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >Regime shifts in exploited marine food webs: detecting mechanisms underlying alternative stable states using size-structured community dynamics theory
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Regime shifts in exploited marine food webs: detecting mechanisms underlying alternative stable states using size-structured community dynamics theory

机译：海洋生物开发网中的制度转移：利用规模结构的社区动力学理论检测替代稳定状态的机制

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摘要

Many marine ecosystems have undergone ‘regime shifts’, i.e. abrupt reorganizations across trophic levels. Establishing whether these constitute shifts between alternative stable states is of key importance for the prospects of ecosystem recovery and for management. We show how mechanisms underlying alternative stable states caused by predator–prey interactions can be revealed in field data, using analyses guided by theory on size-structured community dynamics. This is done by combining data on individual performance (such as growth and fecundity) with information on population size and prey availability. We use Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and their prey in the Baltic Sea as an example to discuss and distinguish two types of mechanisms, ‘cultivation-depensation’ and ‘overcompensation’, that can cause alternative stable states preventing the recovery of overexploited piscivorous fish populations. Importantly, the type of mechanism can be inferred already from changes in the predators' body growth in different life stages. Our approach can thus be readily applied to monitored stocks of piscivorous fish species, for which this information often can be assembled. Using this tool can help resolve the causes of catastrophic collapses in marine predatory–prey systems and guide fisheries managers on how to successfully restore collapsed piscivorous fish stocks.
机译：许多海洋生态系统已经发生了“制度转变”，即在营养级别上进行了突然的重组。建立这些是否构成替代稳定状态之间的转换对于生态系统恢复的前景和管理至关重要。我们展示了如何使用规模结构的社区动力学理论指导的分析，在野外数据中揭示由捕食者与猎物相互作用引起的替代稳定状态的潜在机制。这是通过将有关个体绩效（例如生长和繁殖力）的数据与种群数量和猎物可获得性的信息相结合来完成的。我们以大西洋鳕（Gadus morhua）及其在波罗的海的捕食为例，讨论和区分两种类型的机制：“耕种-离群”和“过度补偿”，这两种机制可能导致替代的稳定状态，从而防止过度开发食鱼鱼的恢复人口。重要的是，机制的类型可以从不同生命阶段中掠食者身体生长的变化中推断出来。因此，我们的方法可以很容易地应用于食鱼鱼类种群的监测种群，通常可以收集这些信息。使用该工具可以帮助解决海洋掠夺性捕食系统灾难性崩溃的原因，并指导渔业管理人员如何成功恢复崩溃的食鱼鱼种群。

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