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Volvoxrhodopsin a light-regulated sensory photoreceptor of the spheroidal green alga Volvox carteri.

机译:Volvoxrhodopsin一种球形绿藻Volvox Carteri的光调节感觉光感受器。

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摘要

Somatic cells of the multicellular alga Volvox carteri contain a visual rhodopsin that controls the organism's phototactic behavior via two independent photoreceptor currents. Here, we report the identification of an opsinlike gene, designated as volvoxopsin (vop). The encoded protein exhibits homologies to the opsin of the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (chlamyopsin) and to the entire animal opsin family, thus providing new perspectives on opsin evolution. Volvoxopsin accumulates within the eyes of somatic cells. However, the vop transcript is detectable only in the reproductive eyeless gonidia and embryos. vop mRNA levels increase 400-fold during embryogenesis, when embryos develop in darkness, whereas the vop transcript does not accumulate when embryos develop in the light. An antisense transformant, T3, was generated. This transformant produces 10 times less volvoxopsin than does the wild type. In T3, the vop transcript is virtually absent, whereas the antisense transcript is predominant and light regulated. It follows that vop expression is under light-dependent transcriptional control but that volvoxopsin itself is not the regulatory photoreceptor. Transformant T3 is phototactic, but its phototactic sensitivity is reduced 10-fold relative to the parental wild-type strain HK10. Thus, we offer definitive genetic evidence that a rhodopsin serves as the photoreceptor for phototaxis in a green alga.
机译:多细胞藻类Volvox Carteri的体细胞含有视觉视紫红质,该视紫红质通过两个独立的光感受器电流控制生物体的光战术行为。在这里,我们报告鉴定为视神经毒素(vop)的视蛋白样基因的鉴定。编码的蛋白与单细胞藻类莱茵衣藻(chlamydomonas reinhardtii)(chlamyopsin)的视蛋白和整个动物视蛋白家族表现出同源性,从而为视蛋白的进化提供了新的视角。 Volvoxopsin聚集在体细胞的眼睛内。但是,vop转录本仅在生殖性无眼性淋病和胚胎中可检测到。当胚胎在黑暗中发育时,vop mRNA水平在胚胎发生过程中增加了400倍,而当胚胎在光下发育时,vop转录物不会积累。产生了反义转化体T3。与野生型相比,该转化体产生的福乐视视素少10倍。在T3中,实际上不存在vop转录本,而反义转录本则占主导地位并且受光调控。由此可见,vop表达受光依赖性转录控制,但是volvoxopsin本身不是调节性光感受器。转化体T3是趋光性的,但相对于亲本野生型菌株HK10,其趋光性降低了10倍。因此,我们提供了确定的遗传证据,视紫红质充当绿藻中趋光性的光感受器。

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