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STARCH-EXCESS4 Is a Laforin-Like Phosphoglucan Phosphatase Required for Starch Degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana

机译:STARCH-EXCESS4是拟南芥淀粉降解中所需的类似Laforin的磷酸葡聚糖磷酸酶

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摘要

Starch is the major storage carbohydrate in plants. It is comprised of glucans that form semicrystalline granules. Glucan phosphorylation is a prerequisite for normal starch breakdown, but phosphoglucan metabolism is not understood. A putative protein phosphatase encoded at the Starch Excess 4 (SEX4) locus of Arabidopsis thaliana was recently shown to be required for normal starch breakdown. Here, we show that SEX4 is a phosphoglucan phosphatase in vivo and define its role within the starch degradation pathway. SEX4 dephosphorylates both the starch granule surface and soluble phosphoglucans in vitro, and sex4 null mutants accumulate phosphorylated intermediates of starch breakdown. These compounds are linear α-1,4-glucans esterified with one or two phosphate groups. They are released from starch granules by the glucan hydrolases α-amylase and isoamylase. In vitro experiments show that the rate of starch granule degradation is increased upon simultaneous phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of starch. We propose that glucan phosphorylating enzymes and phosphoglucan phosphatases work in synergy with glucan hydrolases to mediate efficient starch catabolism.
机译:淀粉是植物中主要的碳水化合物。它由形成半结晶颗粒的葡聚糖组成。葡聚糖磷酸化是正常淀粉分解的先决条件,但磷酸葡聚糖的代谢尚不清楚。最近显示,拟南芥淀粉过量4(SEX4)基因座编码的推测的蛋白磷酸酶是正常淀粉分解所必需的。在这里,我们显示SEX4是体内的磷酸葡聚糖磷酸酶,并定义其在淀粉降解途径中的作用。 SEX4在体外使淀粉颗粒表面和可溶性磷酸葡聚糖都去磷酸化,而sex4 null突变体会积累淀粉分解的磷酸化中间体。这些化合物是被一个或两个磷酸酯基酯化的直链α-1,4-葡聚糖。它们通过葡聚糖水解酶α-淀粉酶和异淀粉酶从淀粉颗粒中释放。体外实验表明,同时进行淀粉的磷酸化和去磷酸化处理可提高淀粉颗粒的降解速率。我们建议,葡聚糖磷酸化酶和磷酸葡聚糖磷酸酶与葡聚糖水解酶协同作用,以介导有效的淀粉分解代谢。

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