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The Dominant and Poorly Penetrant Phenotypes of Maize Unstable factor for orange1 Are Caused by DNA Methylation Changes at a Linked Transposon

机译:Orange1玉米不稳定因子的主要表型和穿透性差的表型是由连锁转座子的DNA甲基化变化引起的

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摘要

The maize (Zea mays) mutant Unstable factor for orange1 (Ufo1) has been implicated in the epigenetic modifications of pericarp color1 (p1), which regulates the production of the flavonoid pigments phlobaphenes. Here, we show that the ufo1 gene maps to a genetically recalcitrant region near the centromere of chromosome 10. Transcriptome analysis of Ufo1-1 mutant and wild-type plants identified a candidate gene in the mapping region using a comparative sequence-based approach. The candidate gene, GRMZM2G053177, is overexpressed by >45-fold in multiple tissues of Ufo1-1, explaining the dominance of Ufo1-1 and its phenotypes. In the mutant stock, GRMZM2G053177 has a unique transcript originating within a CACTA transposon inserted in its first intron, and it is missing the first four codons of the wild-type transcript. GRMZM2G053177 expression is regulated by the DNA methylation status of the CACTA transposon, explaining the incomplete penetrance and poor expressivity of Ufo1-1. Transgenic overexpression lines of GRMZM2G053177 (Ufo1-1) phenocopy the p1-induced pigmentation in coleoptiles, tassels, leaf sheaths, husks, pericarps, and cob glumes. Transcriptome analysis of Ufo1 versus wild-type tissues revealed changes in several pathways related to abiotic and biotic stress. Thus, this study addresses the enigma of Ufo1 identity in maize, which had gone unsolved for more than 50 years.
机译:玉米(Zea mays)orange1的不稳定因子(Ufo1)与果皮color1(p1)的表观遗传修饰有关,后者调节了类黄酮色素phlobaphenes的产生。在这里,我们显示ufo1基因映射到10号染色体着丝粒附近的一个遗传顽固区。Ufo1-1突变体和野生型植物的转录组分析使用基于比较序列的方法在映射区中确定了候选基因。候选基因GRMZM2G053177在Ufo1-1的多个组织中过表达> 45倍,这解释了Ufo1-1的优势及其表型。在突变体原种中,GRMZM2G053177具有一个独特的转录本,该转录本起源于插入其第一个内含子的CACTA转座子,并且缺少野生型转录本的前四个密码子。 GRMZM2G053177的表达受CACTA转座子的DNA甲基化状态的调节,解释了Ufo1-1的不完全渗透和低表达性。 GRMZM2G053177(Ufo1-1)的转基因过表达株系在胚芽鞘,t子,叶鞘,果壳,果皮和穗轴颖中复制了p1诱导的色素沉着。 Ufo1与野生型组织的转录组分析揭示了与非生物和生物胁迫相关的几种途径的变化。因此,本研究针对的是玉米中Ufo1身份的谜团,该问题已经解决了50多年。

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