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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Plant Physiology >The Sterol Methyltransferases SMT1 SMT2 and SMT3 Influence Arabidopsis Development through Nonbrassinosteroid Products
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The Sterol Methyltransferases SMT1 SMT2 and SMT3 Influence Arabidopsis Development through Nonbrassinosteroid Products

机译：甾醇甲基转移酶SMT1SMT2和SMT3通过非油菜素类固醇产品影响拟南芥的发育

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Plant sterols are structural components of cell membranes that provide rigidity, permeability, and regional identity to membranes. Sterols are also the precursors to the brassinosteroid signaling molecules. Evidence is accumulating that specific sterols have roles in pattern formation during development. COTYLEDON VASCULAR PATTERNING1 (CVP1) encodes C-24 STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE2 (SMT2), one of three SMTs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). SMT2 and SMT3, which also encodes a C-24 SMT, catalyze the reaction that distinguishes the synthesis of structural sterols from signaling brassinosteroid derivatives and are highly regulated. The deficiency of SMT2 in the cvp1 mutant results in moderate developmental defects, including aberrant cotyledon vein patterning, serrated floral organs, and reduced stature, but plants are viable, suggesting that SMT3 activity can substitute for the loss of SMT2. To test the distinct developmental roles of SMT2 and SMT3, we identified a transcript null smt3 mutant. Although smt3 single mutants appear wild type, cvp1 smt3 double mutants show enhanced defects relative to cvp1 mutants, such as discontinuous cotyledon vein pattern, and produce novel phenotypes, including defective root growth, loss of apical dominance, sterility, and homeotic floral transformations. These phenotypes are correlated with major alterations in the profiles of specific sterols but without significant alterations to brassinosteroid profiles. The alterations to sterol profiles in cvp1 mutants affect auxin response, demonstrated by weak auxin insensitivity, enhanced axr1 auxin resistance, ectopically expressed DR5:β-glucuronidase in developing embryos, and defective response to auxin-inhibited PIN2-green fluorescent protein endocytosis. We discuss the developmental roles of sterols implied by these results.
机译：植物固醇是细胞膜的结构成分，可为膜提供刚性，通透性和区域性。甾醇也是油菜素类固醇信号分子的前体。越来越多的证据表明，特定的甾醇在显影过程中会形成模式。子叶血管图案1（CVP1）编码C-24固醇甲基转移酶2（SMT2），这是拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）中的三种SMT之一。 SMT2和SMT3也编码C-24 SMT，催化该反应将结构固醇的合成与信号油菜素类固醇衍生物区分开来，并且受到高度调节。 cvp1突变体中SMT2的缺乏会导致中等程度的发育缺陷，包括子叶静脉纹异常，花器官有锯齿和身材矮小，但是植物是有生命力的，这表明SMT3活性可以替代SMT2的丧失。为了测试SMT2和SMT3的不同发育作用，我们鉴定了一个转录本无效的smt3突变体。尽管smt3单突变体显示为野生型，但cvp1 smt3双突变体相对于cvp1突变体显示出增强的缺陷，例如不连续的子叶静脉模式，并产生新的表型，包括有缺陷的根生长，根部优势丧失，不育和顺势花卉转化。这些表型与特定固醇谱的主要变化有关，而油菜素类固醇谱没有显着变化。 cvp1突变体中固醇谱的变化影响植物生长素反应，表现为植物生长素不敏感，增强的axr1植物生长素抗性，在发育中的胚胎中异位表达DR5：β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶以及对植物生长素抑制的PIN2-绿色荧光蛋白内吞作用的不良反应。我们讨论了这些结果暗示的固醇的发展作用。

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