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Basic versus applied research: Julius Sachs (1832–1897) and the experimental physiology of plants

机译:基础研究与应用研究:朱利叶斯·萨克斯(Julius Sachs1832-1897年)和植物的实验生理学

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摘要

The German biologist Julius Sachs was the first to introduce controlled, accurate, quantitative experimentation into the botanical sciences, and is regarded as the founder of modern plant physiology. His seminal monograph Experimental-Physiologie der Pflanzen (Experimental Physiology of Plants) was published 150 y ago (1865), when Sachs was employed as a lecturer at the Agricultural Academy in Poppelsdorf/Bonn (now part of the University). This book marks the beginning of a new era of basic and applied plant science. In this contribution, I summarize the achievements of Sachs and outline his lasting legacy. In addition, I show that Sachs was one of the first biologists who integrated bacteria, which he considered to be descendants of fungi, into the botanical sciences and discussed their interaction with land plants (degradation of wood etc.). This “plant-microbe-view” of green organisms was extended and elaborated by the laboratory botanist Wilhelm Pfeffer (1845–1920), so that the term “Sachs-Pfeffer-Principle of Experimental Plant Research” appears to be appropriate to characterize this novel way of performing scientific studies on green, photoautotrophic organisms (embryophytes, algae, cyanobacteria).
机译:德国生物学家朱利叶斯·萨克斯(Julius Sachs)是率先将受控,准确,定量实验引入植物科学的人,被认为是现代植物生理学的奠基人。他的开创性专着《植物实验生理学》(Experimental-Physiologie der Pflanzen)(植物实验生理学)于150年前(1865年)出版,当时萨克斯(Sachs)被聘为波普尔斯多夫/波恩(现为大学的一部分)农业学院的讲师。这本书标志着基础和应用植物科学新时代的开始。在这篇文章中,我总结了萨克斯的成就,并概述了他的持久遗产。此外,我证明萨克斯是最早将细菌(他认为是真菌的后代)整合到植物科学中的生物学家之一,并讨论了它们与陆地植物的相互作用(木材等的降解)。实验室植物学家威廉·普费弗(Wilhelm Pfeffer,1845–1920)扩展并阐述了绿色生物的“植物-微生物学”观点,因此“萨克斯-普费弗-实验植物研究原理”这一术语似乎很适合描述该小说。对绿色的自养生物(胚藻,藻类,蓝细菌)进行科学研究的方式。

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