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Impact of Climate Change on Crops Adaptation and Strategies to Tackle Its Outcome: A Review

机译：气候变化对农作物适应的影响及其应对策略：综述

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摘要

Agriculture and climate change are internally correlated with each other in various aspects, as climate change is the main cause of biotic and abiotic stresses, which have adverse effects on the agriculture of a region. The land and its agriculture are being affected by climate changes in different ways, e.g., variations in annual rainfall, average temperature, heat waves, modifications in weeds, pests or microbes, global change of atmospheric CO2 or ozone level, and fluctuations in sea level. The threat of varying global climate has greatly driven the attention of scientists, as these variations are imparting negative impact on global crop production and compromising food security worldwide. According to some predicted reports, agriculture is considered the most endangered activity adversely affected by climate changes. To date, food security and ecosystem resilience are the most concerning subjects worldwide. Climate-smart agriculture is the only way to lower the negative impact of climate variations on crop adaptation, before it might affect global crop production drastically. In this review paper, we summarize the causes of climate change, stresses produced due to climate change, impacts on crops, modern breeding technologies, and biotechnological strategies to cope with climate change, in order to develop climate resilient crops. Revolutions in genetic engineering techniques can also aid in overcoming food security issues against extreme environmental conditions, by producing transgenic plants.
机译：由于气候变化是生物和非生物胁迫的主要原因，因此农业和气候变化在各个方面彼此内部相关，这对一个地区的农业产生不利影响。土地及其农业正以不同的方式受到气候变化的影响，例如，年降雨量的变化，平均温度，热浪，杂草，害虫或微生物的改变，大气中二氧化碳或臭氧水平的全球变化以及海平面的波动。全球气候变化带来的威胁极大地吸引了科学家的注意力，因为这些变化正在给全球农作物生产带来负面影响，并损害全球粮食安全。根据一些预测报告，农业被认为是受到气候变化不利影响的最危险的活动。迄今为止，粮食安全和生态系统复原力是世界上最相关的主题。气候智能型农业是减轻气候变化对作物适应性的负面影响的唯一方法，它可以大大影响全球作物生产。在这篇综述文件中，我们总结了气候变化的原因，气候变化产生的压力，对作物的影响，现代育种技术以及应对气候变化的生物技术策略，以开发具有抗逆性的作物。基因工程技术的革命还可以通过生产转基因植物来帮助克服极端环境条件下的粮食安全问题。

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