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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Pathogens >Genomic and Proteomic Analyses of the Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora Provide Insights into Nematode-Trap Formation
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Genomic and Proteomic Analyses of the Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora Provide Insights into Nematode-Trap Formation

机译：真菌节肢动物寡孢菌的基因组和蛋白质组学分析为线虫诱捕形成提供了见识

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摘要

Nematode-trapping fungi are “carnivorous” and attack their hosts using specialized trapping devices. The morphological development of these traps is the key indicator of their switch from saprophytic to predacious lifestyles. Here, the genome of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora Fres. (ATCC24927) was reported. The genome contains 40.07 Mb assembled sequence with 11,479 predicted genes. Comparative analysis showed that A. oligospora shared many more genes with pathogenic fungi than with non-pathogenic fungi. Specifically, compared to several sequenced ascomycete fungi, the A. oligospora genome has a larger number of pathogenicity-related genes in the subtilisin, cellulase, cellobiohydrolase, and pectinesterase gene families. Searching against the pathogen-host interaction gene database identified 398 homologous genes involved in pathogenicity in other fungi. The analysis of repetitive sequences provided evidence for repeat-induced point mutations in A. oligospora. Proteomic and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses revealed that 90 genes were significantly up-regulated at the early stage of trap-formation by nematode extracts and most of these genes were involved in translation, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall and membrane biogenesis. Based on the combined genomic, proteomic and qPCR data, a model for the formation of nematode trapping device in this fungus was proposed. In this model, multiple fungal signal transduction pathways are activated by its nematode prey to further regulate downstream genes associated with diverse cellular processes such as energy metabolism, biosynthesis of the cell wall and adhesive proteins, cell division, glycerol accumulation and peroxisome biogenesis. This study will facilitate the identification of pathogenicity-related genes and provide a broad foundation for understanding the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying fungi-nematodes interactions.
机译：捕获线虫的真菌是“食肉的”，并使用专门的捕获设备攻击其宿主。这些诱捕器的形态发展是它们从腐生型转变为廉价生活方式的关键指标。在这里，捕获线虫的真菌节肢动物Fres的基因组。 （ATCC24927）已报告。基因组包含40.07 Mb组装序列和11479个预测基因。对比分析表明，与非致病性真菌相比，病原性真菌与寡聚孢菌共享更多的基因。具体而言，与几种测序的子囊真菌相比，寡孢曲霉基因组在枯草杆菌蛋白酶，纤维素酶，纤维二糖水解酶和果胶酯酶基因家族中具有大量与致病性相关的基因。通过对病原体-宿主相互作用基因数据库的搜索，发现了398个与其他真菌的致病性有关的同源基因。重复序列的分析提供了在寡孢曲霉中重复诱导的点突变的证据。蛋白质组学和定量PCR（qPCR）分析显示，线虫提取物在诱集形成的早期显着上调了90个基因，其中大多数基因参与翻译，氨基酸代谢，碳水化合物代谢，细胞壁和膜生物发生。基于基因组学，蛋白质组学和qPCR数据，提出了一种在真菌中形成线虫诱捕装置的模型。在该模型中，多种真菌信号转导途径被其线虫捕食者激活，以进一步调节与多种细胞过程相关的下游基因，例如能量代谢，细胞壁和粘附蛋白的生物合成，细胞分裂，甘油积累和过氧化物酶体生物发生。这项研究将有助于确定与致病性有关的基因，并为理解真菌-线虫相互作用的分子和进化机制提供广阔的基础。

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