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The Mixing Counterion Effect on DNA Compaction and Charge Neutralization at Low Ionic Strength

机译：低离子强度下混合抗衡离子对DNA压缩和电荷中和的影响

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摘要

DNA compaction and charge neutralization in a mixing counterion solution involves competitive and cooperative electrostatic binding, and sometimes counterion complexation. At normal ionic strength, it has been found that the charge neutralization of DNA by the multivalent counterion is suppressed when being added extra mono- and di-valent counterions. Here, we explore the effect mixing counterion on DNA compaction and charge neutralization under the condition of low ionic strength. Being quite different from normal ionic strength, the electrophoretic mobility of DNA in multivalent counterion solution (octalysine, spermine) increases the presence of mono- and di-valent cations, such as sodium and magnesium ions. It means that the charge neutralization of DNA by the multivalent counterion is promoted rather than suppressed when introducing extra mono- and di-valent counterions into solution. This conclusion is also supported by the measurement of condensing and unraveling forces of DNA condensates under the same condition by single molecular magnetic tweezers. This mixing effect can be attributed to the cooperative electrostatic binding of counterions to DNA when the concentration of counterions in solution is below a critical concentration.
机译：混合抗衡离子溶液中的DNA压缩和电荷中和涉及竞争性和协同性静电结合，有时还包括抗衡离子络合。已经发现在正常的离子强度下，当添加额外的一价和二价抗衡离子时，多价抗衡离子对DNA的电荷中和作用会受到抑制。在这里，我们探索在离子强度低的情况下混合抗衡离子对DNA压缩和电荷中和的影响。与正常的离子强度完全不同，DNA在多价抗衡离子溶液（八赖氨酸，精胺）中的电泳迁移率会增加一价和二价阳离子（例如钠和镁离子）的存在。这意味着当向溶液中引入额外的单价和二价抗衡离子时，多价抗衡离子可促进而不是抑制DNA的电荷中和。通过单分子磁镊子在相同条件下测量DNA冷凝物的凝聚力和解开力，也支持了这一结论。当溶液中抗衡离子的浓度低于临界浓度时，这种混合效果可归因于抗衡离子与DNA的协同静电结合。

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